Polymer-supported phosphorus ligands for catalysis

ABSTRACT

Novel phosphine and phosphine oxide ligands are prepared using polymeric supports. These compounds can be easily cleaved from the support, and along with the corresponding supported compounds, used as ligands in the preparation of novel, metal-complexed catalysts.

FIELD OF INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to the preparation of novelpolymer-supported phosphine and phosphine oxide compounds and thecorresponding free compounds after cleavage from support. Thesecompounds are useful as ligands in the preparation of metal-containingcatalysts.

BACKGROUND

[0002] As is generally known in prior art, chelating phosphine compoundswhen bound to metal atoms are useful as catalysts. To facilitateseparation of the catalysts from a chemical process, phosphorus ligandshave been attached to solid supports such as polymers (“Supported MetalComplexes”, D. Reidel Publishing, 1985; Acta. Polymer. 1996,47, 1;“Chem. Met.-Carbon Bond”, Hartley, F. R (Ed), 1987, vol. 4, pp.1163-1225; Neckers, J. Macromol. Sci., Chem. 1987, A24, 431-48).Interest in using the combinatorial “split and mix synthesis” approachto generate polymer-bound ligands which could be tested as catalysts hasbrought to fore the importance of new chemistry with which to attachphosphine ligands to polymer supports (Balkenhohl et al., Angew. Chem.,Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2288-2337; Gilbertson et al., J.Organometallics 1996, 15, 4678-4680; Gilbertson et al., J. Am. Chem.Soc. 1994, 116, 4481-4482).

[0003] Novel processes have been discovered to prepare new compositionsof matter that contain chelating phosphine compounds, includingcompounds of asymmetric diphosphines. Phosphine compounds have beenshown to be useful when combined with transition metals as catalysts forchemical processes. The processes can also be utilized in acombinatorial scheme to produce libraries of phosphine compounds.

[0004] Addition of aldehyde in salicylaldehydes to acetylenes is known,but is unknown for addition to alkenes. (Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 7853632;JP 76128205 Kokubo et al., J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 4564-4565.) The newphosphorus compounds have been shown to be useful as ligands incatalysts for the decarbonylation of the salicylaldehyde and insertionof the alkene, followed by ring closure forming a coumarin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] This invention is directed to compositions and processes toprepare polymer supported phosphine and phosphine oxide compounds andthe corresponding free compounds after their cleavage from the polymersupport.

[0006] More specifically, the invention is directed to a process toprepare a supported phosphine compound selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

[0007] wherein:

[0008] SS is a solid support; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic oraromatic carbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one ormore heteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl,Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ andR₂ together can optionally form a ring, the process comprising the stepsof:

[0009] a) contacting (i) a phosphine selected from the group consistingof XPR₁R₂, XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂, HP(═O)R₁R₂, HP(═O) R₃—A—PR₁R₂, andHP(═O)R₃—A—P(═O)R₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with (ii) the solidsupport, resulting in at least one P in the phosphine attachedindirectly or directly to the solid support via one or more covalentbonds, and

[0010] b) optionally replacing one or more substituent of the group R₁,R₂, or R₃ with any other substituent of the group R₁, R₂, or R₃.

[0011] In all process and compositions embodiments of the invention, thepreferred SS is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins,polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, and copolymers thereof.

[0012] The process is useful in producing the preferred supportedphosphine compounds selected from the group consisting of Formulae 1A,2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A.

[0013] wherein:

[0014] Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone P in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —NR₄—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and

[0015] L is a divalent linking group covalently attached to Z and to SS,selected from the group consisting of optionally-substituted chains offrom 1 to 12 linear, branched, and cyclic carbon atoms.

[0016] More particularly, this process to prepare supported phosphinecompounds uses the supported phosphine compound of Formula 1A, where theprocess comprises the steps of:

[0017] a) contacting (i) at least 2 molar equivalents of a phosphine ofthe Formula XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with (ii) no more thanone molar equivalent of Z, resulting in one P in the phosphine beingcovalently bonded to the Z, and

[0018] b) optionally replacing one or more substitutent of the group R₁,R₂, and R₃ with any one or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃. In this process theSS is more preferably polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from thegroup consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbonatoms and an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Zis selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedcarbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected fromthe group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl,phenyl, and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, andPQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0019] Alternatively, the process may use a supported phosphine compoundof Formula 2A, with the process comprising the steps of:

[0020] a) contacting (i) a phosphine of the Formula PR₁R₂X wherein X isa halogen, with (ii) the solid support, resulting in one P in thephosphine being covalently bonded to Z, and

[0021] b) optionally replacing one or both of R₁ and R₂ with any otherR₁ or R₂. In this process the SS is more preferably polystyrene; is—CH₂—; Z is selected from the group consisting of optionally-substitutedcarbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected fromthe group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl,phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, andPQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aromatic or alkyl ring.

[0022] Alternatively, this process may use the supported phosphinecompound of Formula 3A, with the process comprising the steps of:

[0023] a) contacting (i) no more than one molar equivalent of aphosphine of the Formula XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with (ii)at least two molar equivalents of Z, resulting in both of the P in thephosphine being covalently bonded to the Z; and

[0024] b) optionally replacing one or more of R₁ and R₂ with any one ormore of R₁ and R₂. In this process the SS is more preferablypolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0025] Alternatively, this process may use the supported phosphinecompound of Formula 4A, with the process comprising the steps of:

[0026] a) contacting (i) a phosphine of the Formula HP(═O) R₃—A—PR₁R₂with (ii) the solid support, resulting in one P in the phosphine beingcovalently bonded to Z; and

[0027] b) optionally replacing one or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃ with anyone or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃. In this process the SS is more preferablypolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl,n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁, R₂, and R₃ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0028] Alternatively, this process may use the supported phosphinecompound of Formula 5A with the process comprising the steps of:

[0029] a) contacting (i) a phosphine of the Formula HP(═O)R₁R₂ with (ii)a solid support of the formula

[0030] wherein the P in the solid support is covalently bonded to Z andZ′ is selected from the group consisting of alkenyls, resulting in the Pin the phosphine being covalently bonded to the P in the solid supportvia Z′; and

[0031] b) optionally replacing one or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃ with anyone or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃. In this process the SS more preferably ispolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₄ is selectedfrom the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl,n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl,aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle; and where R₁ and R₂ together with theP form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0032] This invention is also directed to a process to prepare acombinatorial library of supported phosphine compounds selected from thegroup consisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

[0033] wherein:

[0034] SS is a solid support;

[0035] A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms,linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms ororganometallic groups;

[0036] R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and

[0037] R₂ and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together canoptionally form a ring, the process comprising the steps of:

[0038] a) contacting (i) one or more phosphines selected from the groupconsisting of XPR₁R₂, XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂, HP(═O)R₁R₂, HP(═O) R₃—A—PR₁R₂, andHP(═O)R₃—A—P(═O)R₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with (ii) one or more solidsupports, resulting in at least one P in each phosphine attachedindirectly or directly to the solid support via one or more covalentbonds, and

[0039] b) optionally replacing one or more R₁, R₂, or R₃ with any otherR₁, R₂, or R₃.

[0040] The process is useful in producing a combinatorial library inwhich the preferred supported phosphine compounds are selected from thegroup consisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

[0041] wherein:

[0042] Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone P in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —NR₄—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.

[0043] More preferably, this process to prepare a combinatorial libraryof supported phosphine compounds uses Formula 1A with the processcomprising the steps of:

[0044] a) contacting at least 2 molar equivalents of one or morephosphines of the Formula XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with nomore than one molar equivalent of one or more of Z, resulting in one Pin each phosphine being covalently bonded to the Z; and

[0045] b) optionally replacing one or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃ with anyone or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃. In this process the SS more preferably ispolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0046] Alternatively, the process may use the supported phosphinecompounds of Formula 2A with the process comprising the steps of:

[0047] a) contacting one or more phosphines of the Formula PR₁R₂Xwherein X is a halogen, with one or more solid supports, resulting inone P in each phosphine being covalently bonded to Z; and

[0048] b) optionally replacing one or both of R₁ and R₂ with any otherR₁ or R₂. In this process the SS more preferably is polystyrene; L is—CH₂—; Z is selected from the group consisting of optionally-substitutedcarbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected fromthe group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl,phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, andPQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aromatic, or alkyl ring.

[0049] Alternatively, the process may use the supported phosphinecompounds of Formula 3A with the process comprising the steps of:

[0050] a) contacting no more than one molar equivalent of one or morephosphines of the Formula XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with atleast two molar equivalents of one or more of Z, resulting in both ofthe P in each phosphine being covalently bonded to the Z; and

[0051] b) optionally replacing one or more of R₁ and R₂ with any one ormore of R₁ and R₂. In this process SS is more preferably polystyrene; Lis —CH₂—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl or alkyl ring.

[0052] Alternatively, the process may use the supported phosphinecompounds of Formula 4A with the process comprising the steps of:

[0053] a) contacting one or more phosphines of the FormulaHP(═O)R₃—A—PR₁R₂ with one or more solid supports, resulting in one P ineach phosphine being covalently bonded to Z; and

[0054] b) optionally replacing one or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃ with anyone or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃. In this process the SS is more preferablypolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl,n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁, R₂, and R₃ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0055] Alternatively, the process may use the supported phosphinecompounds of Formula 5A with the process comprising the steps of:

[0056] a) contacting one or more phosphines of the Formula HP(═O)R₁R₂with one or more solid supports of the formula

[0057] wherein the P in the solid support is covalently bonded to Z andZ′ is selected from the group consisting of alkenyls, resulting in thephosphorus in each phosphine being covalently bonded to the phosphorusin the solid support via Z′, and

[0058] b) optionally replacing one or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃ with anyone or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃. In this process the SS is more preferablypolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₄ is selectedfrom the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl,n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl,aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle; and where R₁ and R₂ together with theP form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0059] Additionally, the invention is directed at a process to prepare aphosphine compounds of Formulae 8, 9, 10, 1 1, and 12

[0060] wherein:

[0061] A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms,linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms ororganometallic groups;

[0062] R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle;

[0063] any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any otherof R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring;

[0064] the process comprising the steps of:

[0065] a) contacting (i) a supported phosphine selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

[0066] wherein:

[0067] SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in the phosphine isattached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometal groups; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄,and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together canoptionally form a ring with

[0068] (ii) a compound of the Formula ER₉, wherein E is an electrophilicgroup and Rg is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br,I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; thereby forming the corresponding compound of Formulae1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; and

[0069] b) optionally replacing one or more substituent of the group R₅,R₆, R₇, and R₈ with any other substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, andR₈.

[0070] More preferably, the process for preparing a phosphine compounduses a supported phosphine selected from the group consisting ofFormulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

[0071] wherein:

[0072] Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone P in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —NR₄—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms; A is an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle,SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy; and any of R₅, R₆, R₇,and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ forma ring. Still more preferably in this process E is selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, PCl₂, and SiMe₃, and R₅ is a halogen.

[0073] Also in this process, the supported phosphine compound isselected from the group consisting of Formulae 1 and 3, and thephosphine compound is of Formula 8. Also in this process at least onesubstitutent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ differs from the othersubstitutent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈.

[0074] Also in this process, Z is preferably selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is preferably selected from the group consisting ofan optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇,andR₈ are preferably independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are preferably independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituentof the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any othersubstituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.

[0075] Alternatively, the process may use the supported phosphinecompound of Formula 2 and the phosphine compound of Formula 9. In thisprocess more preferably Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, and R₇are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅,R₆, and R₇ can optionally together with any other substituent of thegroup R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring.

[0076] Alternatively, the process may use the supported phosphinecompound of Formula 4 and the phosphine compound of Formula 10. In thisprocess more preferably Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, and R₇are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅,R₆, and R₇ can optionally together with any other substituent of thegroup R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring.

[0077] Alternatively, the process may use the supported phosphinecompound selected from the group consisting of Formulae 3 and 5, and thephosphine compound of Formula 11. In this process more preferably Z isselected from the group consisting of optionally-substituted carbonchain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from thegroup consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbonatoms and an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms;R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from the group consisting ofCl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁,Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₆,R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other substituent of thegroup R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.

[0078] Alternatively, the process may use the supported phosphinecompound of Formula 2 and the phosphine compound of Formula 12. I thisprocess more preferably Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅ and R₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, andQ₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅ and R₆ canoptionally together with any other substituent of the group R₅ and R₆form a ring.

[0079] This invention is still further directed to a process to preparea combinatorial library of phosphine compounds selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12

[0080] wherein:

[0081] A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms,linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms ororganometallic groups; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl,heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy;and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other ofR₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring;

[0082] the process comprising the steps of:

[0083] a) contacting (i) one or more supported phosphines selected fromthe group consisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

[0084] wherein:

[0085] SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphine isattached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, andNQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together can optionally forma ring with

[0086] (ii) one or more compounds of the Formula ER₉, wherein E is anelectrophilic group and Rg is selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle,organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃,Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; thereby forming the correspondingcompounds of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; and

[0087] b) optionally replacing one or more substitutents of the groupR₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ with any other substitutent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇,and R₈.

[0088] More particularly the process may use the supported phosphinecompounds of the group consisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A,and 7A

[0089] wherein:

[0090] Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —NR₄—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms; A is an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle,SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy; and any of R₅, R₆, R₇,and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ forma ring.

[0091] In this process preferably E is selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, PCl₂, and SiMe₃, and R₅ is a halogen.Additionally in this process preferably the supported phosphinecompounds are selected from the group consisting of Formulae 1 and 3,and the phosphine compound is Formula 8. More preferaably in thisprocess Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, andR₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ canoptionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.

[0092] Alternatively in this process the preferred supported phosphinecompounds are of Formula 2, and the phosphine compounds are of Formula9. More preferably in this process Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, and R₇,are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆, and R₇ canoptionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring.

[0093] Alternatively in this process the preferred supported phosphinecompounds are of Formula 4 and the phosphine compounds are of Formula10. More preferably in this process Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, and R₇are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆, and R₇ canoptionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring.

[0094] Alternatively in this process the preferred supported phosphinecompounds are selected from the group consisting of Formulae 3 and 5,and the phosphine compounds are of Formula 11. More preferably in thisprocess Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₆, R₇, and R₈are independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, andQ₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any of R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together withany other of R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.

[0095] Alternatively in this process the preferred supported phosphinecompounds are of Formula 2, and the phosphine compounds are of Formula12. More preferably in this process Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅ and R₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, andQ₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any of R₅ and R₆ can optionally together with anyother of R₅ and R₆ form a ring.

[0096] This invention is still further directed to a supported phosphinecompound selected from the group consisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, and 7

[0097] wherein:

[0098] SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphine isattached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄,and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together canoptionally form a ring.

[0099] More preferably the supported phosphine compound is selected fromthe group consisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

[0100] wherein:

[0101] Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.

[0102] Alternatively, the preferred supported phosphine compound isFormula 1A. More preferably in this supported phosphine compound the SSis polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the group consisting ofan optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0103] Alternatively, the preferred supported phosphine compound isFormula 2A. More preferably in this supported phosphine compound the SSis polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl,n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁ and R₂ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aromatic, or alkyl ring.

[0104] Alternatively, the preferred supported phosphine compound isFormula 3A. More preferably in this supported phosphine compound the SSis polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the group consisting ofan optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0105] Alternatively, the preferred supported phosphine compound isFormula 4A. More preferably in the supported phosphine compound of claim63 the SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro,cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁,R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle,and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkylring.

[0106] Alternatively, the preferred supported phosphine compound isFormula 5A. More preferably in this supported phosphine compound the SSis polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₄ is selectedfrom the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl,n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl,aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle; and where R₁ and R₂ together with theP form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0107] This invention is still further directed to a combinatoriallibrary of supported phosphine compounds selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1,2, 3,4,5,6, and 7

[0108] wherein:

[0109] SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphine isattached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄,and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together canoptionally form a ring.

[0110] Preferably the combinatorial library of this invention uses thesupported phosphine compounds selected from the group consisting ofFormulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

[0111] wherein:

[0112] Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in each phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.

[0113] Preferably, the combinatorial library uses the supportedphosphine compounds of Formula 1A. More preferably in this combinatorialthe SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the groupconsisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atomsand an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z isselected from the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbonchain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from thegroup consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl,phenyl, and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, andPQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0114] Alternatively, the combinatorial library uses the supportedphosphine compounds of Formula 2A. More preferably in this combinatorialthe SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro,cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁ andR₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aromatic, or alkyl ring.

[0115] Alternatively, the combinatorial library uses the supportedphosphine compounds of Formula 3A. More preferably in this combinatoriallibrary the SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the groupconsisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atomsand an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z isselected from the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbonchain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from thegroup consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl,phenyl, and t-butyl; R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃₀, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0116] Alternatively, the combinatorial library uses the supportedphosphine compounds of Formula 4A. More preferably in this combinatoriallibrary the SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro,cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁,R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle,and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkylring.

[0117] Alternatively, the combinatorial library uses the supportedphosphine compounds of Formula 5A. more preferably in this combinatoriallibrary the SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₄ is selectedfrom the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl,n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl,aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle; and where R₁ and R₂ together with theP form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0118] The invention is still further directed to a combinatoriallibrary of phosphine compounds selected from the group consisting ofFormulae 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12

[0119] wherein:

[0120] A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms,linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms ororganometallic groups; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, whereQ₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl,substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂,PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and anysubstituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together withany other substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.

[0121] Preferably in this combinatorial library of phosphine compounds Ais an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈form a ring.

[0122] Preferably in this combinatorial library the phosphine compoundsare of Formula 8. More preferably in this combinatorial library at leastone of the substitutents of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ differs fromthe other substituents of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈.

[0123] Alternatively in this combinatorial library of phosphinecompounds A is an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbonatoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQL, OQ₂,and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituentof the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any othersubstituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.

[0124] Preferably in this combinatorial library the phosphine compoundsare of Formula 9. More preferably in this combinatorial library A is anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, and R₇are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅,R₆, and R₇ can optionally together with any other substituent of thegroup R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring.

[0125] Preferably in this combinatorial library the phosphine compoundsare of Formula 10. More preferably in this combinatorial library A is anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, and R₇are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅,R₆, and R₇ can optionally together with any other substituent of thegroup R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring.

[0126] Preferably in this combinatorial library the phosphine compoundsare of Formula 11. More preferably in this combinatorial library A is anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₆, R₇, and R₈are independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, andQ₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₆, R₇, and R₈ canoptionally together with any other substituent of the group R₆, R₇, andR₈ form a ring.

[0127] Preferably in this combinatorial library the phosphine compoundsare of Formula 12. More preferably in this combinatorial library A is anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅ and R₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, andQ₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any of R₅ and R₆ can optionally together with anyother of R₅ and R₆ form a ring.

[0128] This invention is still further directed to a coordinationcompound comprising one or more transition metals complexed to a ligandselected from the group consisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

[0129] wherein:

[0130] SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphine isattached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometal groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, andNQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together can optionally forma ring.

[0131] Preferably the transition metal is selected from Periodic GroupVIII.

[0132] Preferably the coordination compound is selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, SA, 6A, and 7A

[0133] wherein:

[0134] Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.

[0135] More preferably the coordination compound is Formula 1A. In thiscoordination compound still more preferably the SS is polystyrene; L is—CH₂—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl or alkyl ring; and the transition metal is Rh.

[0136] Most preferably the coordination compound is polymer-bound1-(1,1-di-n-propylphosphino)-2-n-propylphosphinoethane and(1,5-cyclooctadiene)-rhodium (I) chloride dimer.

[0137] This invention is still further directed to a combinatoriallibrary of coordination compounds comprising one or more transitionmetals complexed to one or more ligands selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

[0138] wherein:

[0139] SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphine isattached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, andNQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together can optionally forma ring.

[0140] Preferably the transition metal is selected from Periodic GroupVIII.

[0141] More preferably the combinatorial library is selected from thegroup consisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

[0142] wherein:

[0143] Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.

[0144] More preferably the combinatorial library of coordinationcompounds is Formula 1A. In this combinatorial library of coordinationcompounds the SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from thegroup consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbonatoms and an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Zis selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedcarbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected fromthe group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl,phenyl, and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, andPQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring; and the transition metal is Rh.

[0145] This invention is still further directed to a combinatoriallibrary of coordination compounds comprising one or more transitionmetals complexed to one or more ligands selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12

[0146] wherein:

[0147] A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms,linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms ororganometallic groups; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, andNQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of thesubstituents of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally togetherwith any other of the subsitutents of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ forma ring.

[0148] More preferably in the combinatorial library A is anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, andR₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ canoptionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring;and the transition metals are selected from Periodic Group VIII.

[0149] Still more preferably in the combinatorial library the ligandsare of Formula 8. Still more preferably in the combinatorial library atleast one substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ differs from theother substituents of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈.

[0150] Alternatively, in this combinatorial library of coordinationcompounds A is an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbonatoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂,and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and

[0151] any substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionallytogether with any other substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ forma ring; and the transition metal is Pd.

[0152] This invention is still further directed to a process to preparecoumarin comprising contacting salicylaldehyde with an acrylate of theformula

[0153] wherein R₁₀ is an alkyl group of 1-6 carbons. Preferably, theprocess to prepare coumarin is performed in the presence of a catalyticamount of a coordination compound comprising one or more transitionmetals complexed to a ligand selected from the group consisting ofFormulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

[0154] wherein:

[0155] SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphine isattached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, andNQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together can optionally forma ring.

[0156] Preferably, the process for pareparing coumarin uses a transitionmetal selected from Periodic Group VIII.

[0157] Preferably in the process to prepare coumarin, the ligand isFormula 1A:

[0158] wherein:

[0159] Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms. More preferably in the process to prepare coumarin,L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring; and the transition metal is Rh.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0160] The present invention provides for a process to prepare novel,covalently attached phosphine ligands on polymer supports. Thesephosphine ligands are useful as catalysts when combined with atransition metal precursor. The present invention also allows synthesisof new free phosphine ligands by chemical cleavage from the solidsupport.

[0161] The invention provides for novel supported phosphine compositionsof Formulae 1-7:

[0162] wherein SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in eachphosphine is attached indirectly or directly to the solid support viaone or more covalent bonds;

[0163] A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms,linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms ororganometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together can optionally forma ring.

[0164] By hydrocarbyl is meant a straight chain, branched or cyclicarrangement of carbon atoms connected by single, double, or triplecarbon to carbon bonds and/or by ether linkages, and substitutedaccordingly with hydrogen atoms. Such hydrocarbyl groups may bealiphatic and/or aromatic. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups includemethyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, methylcyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,methylcyclohexyl, benzyl, phenyl, o-tolyl, m-tolyl, p-tolyl, xylyl,vinyl, allyl, butenyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclooctenyl, cyclooctadienyl, andbutynyl. Examples of substituted hydrocarbyl groups include methoxy,phenoxy, toluyl, chlorobenzyl, fluoroethyl, p-CH₃—S—C₆H₅,2-methoxy-propyl, and (CH₃)₃SiCH₂.

[0165] Virtually any solid material may be used as a support in thecontext of this invention as long as it meets the following criteria:

[0166] The material is insoluble in organic, aqueous, or inorganicsolvents. Organic polymer supports are acceptable in this regard butthey generally need to be crosslinked. Inorganic support, such as metaloxides (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, TiO₂, ZrO₂, etc.), clays, and zeolites, andmodified carbons are generally insoluble in these solvents and also maybe used as supports.

[0167] The support contains reactive sites, which can be used for thecovalent attachment of the phosphorus.

[0168] The reactive sites are isolated to prevent additionalcrosslinking during further chemical transformations.

[0169] The reactive sites are exposed to the reaction medium. With apolymer resin support this is achieved through the use of a resin whichswells in a reaction solvent or is sufficiently porous to allowtransport of the reaction medium through the polymer matrix.

[0170] The term “solid support” refers to a material having a rigid orsemi-rigid surface that contains or can be derivatized to containfunctionality, which covalently links a compound to the surface thereof.Other modifications may be made in order to achieve desired physicalproperties. Such materials are well known in the art and include, by wayof example, polystyrene supports, polyacrylamide supports,polyethyleneglycol supports, metal oxides such as silica, and the like.Such supports will preferably take the form of small beads, pellets,disks, films, or other conventional forms, although other forms may beused.

[0171] A preferred solid support is an organic or inorganic polymer, towhich the phosphorus can be covalently attached through a side chain orpendant group of the polymeric backbone. The polymer may be crosslinkedor modified. Suitable preferred polymers useful in the preparation of asupported phosphine compound or a combinatorial library of supportedphosphine compounds. include polyolefins, polyacrylates,polymethacrylates, and copolymers thereof that meet the general criteriadescribed above. A more preferred polymeric support is polystyrenewherein the phosphorus is attached to a pendant phenyl group on thepolystyrene backbone. Most preferred is polystyrene, crosslinked withdivinylbenzene. Specifically, polystyrenes commonly used for solid phasesynthesis have been used. These particular resins are crosslinked withfrom 1 to 10 wt % divinylbenzene. The styrene moieties are substitutedin the para or meta positions. Only a portion of the styrene moietiesare substituted, typically resulting in functional group loadings ofapproximately 0.2 to 2.0 mmole per gram of resin, although this valuemay be higher or lower.

[0172] Preferred embodiments for the novel supported phosphinecompositions and for combinatorial libraries of supported phosphinecompounds are selected from the group of Formulae 1A-7A:

[0173] where Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to atleast one phosphorus in the phosphine, selected from the groupconsisting of hydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and—(NR₄)—, where R₄ is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted hydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalentlinking group covalently attached to Z and to SS, selected from thegroup consisting of optionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12linear, branched, and cyclic carbon atoms.

[0174] Preferred compounds include those where L is —CH₂—. Alsopreferred are those where A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyland t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃ and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0175] Most preferred compounds are those where the solid support ispolystyrene (crosslinked with divinylbenzene) and where L=CH₂ and Z, A,R₁, R₂, and R₃ are as shown in Tables 1-5 below. TABLE 1 Formula 1A Z AR₁ R₂ R₃ N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ chloro chloro chloro (CH₂)₂ O chloro chlorochloro (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ chloro chloro chloro N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂4-methylphenyl 4-methylphenyl 4-methylphenyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂4-chlorophenyl 4-chlorophenyl 4-chlorophenyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂4-butylphenyl 4-butylphenyl 4-butylphenyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ ethynylethynyl ethynyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ propynyl propynyl propynyl N(t-butyl)(CH₂)₂ 4-fluorophenyl 4-fluorophenyl 4-fluorophenyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂vinyl vinyl vinyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ cyclopentyl cyclopentyl cyclopentylN(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ decyl decyl decyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ 3,4-difluorophenyl3,4-difluorophenyl 3,4-difluorophenyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ 4-butylphenyl4-butylphenyl 4-butylphenyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ 3-fluoromethyl-3-fluoromethyl- 3-fluoromethyl- phenyl phenyl phenyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂4-methylthiophenyl 4-methylthiophenyl 4-methyl- thiophenyl N(t-butyl)(CH₂)₂ 3-methoxyphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 3-methoxy- phenyl N(t-butyl)(CH₂)₂ 3-fluoromethyl- 3-fluoromethyl- 3-fluoromethyl- phenyl phenylphenyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ 4-methoxyphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 4-methoxyphenylN(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ mesityl mesityl mesityl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂2-phenylethyl 2-phenylethyl 2-phenyl- ethyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂3,4,5-trifluoro- 3,4,5-trifluoro- 3,4,5-trifluoro- phenyl phenyl phenylN(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ phenethyl phenethyl phenethyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ 2-thienyl2-thienyl 2-thienyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ 2,3,4,5-tetramethyl- chlorophospholyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ methyl methyl chloro N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂2,3,4,5-tetramethyl- 2,4,6-trimethyl- phospholyl phenyl N(t-butyl)(CH₂)₂ phenoxy phenoxy phenoxy (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ methyl methyl methyl (CH₂)₅(CH₂)₂ ethyl ethyl ethyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ n-propyl n-propyl n-propyl (CH₂)₅(CH₂)₂ isopropyl isopropyl isopropyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ butyl butyl butyl(CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ iso-butyl iso-butyl iso-butyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ 2-butyl2-butyl 2-butyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ cyclopentyl cyclopentyl cyclopentyl (CH₂)₅(CH₂)₂ cyclohexyl cyclohexyl cyclohexyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ dodecyl dodecyldodecyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ pentadecyl pentadecyl pentadecyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂phenyl phenyl phenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ 2-methyl-2-phenyl- 2-methyl-2-phenyl-2-methyl-2-phenyl- propyl propyl propyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ o-tolyl o-tolylo-tolyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ m-tolyl m-tolyl m-tolyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ p-tolylp-tolyl p-tolyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ 4-butylphenyl 4-butylphenyl 4-butylphenyl(CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ 4-fluorophenyl 4-fluorophenyl 4-fluorophenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂3-bis(trimethyl- 3-bis(trimethyl- 3-bis(trimethyl- silyl)aminophenylsilyl)aminophenyl silyl)aminophenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ 2,6-dimethylphenyl2,6-dimethylphenyl 2,6-dimethylphenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ 3,4-difluorophenyl3,4-difluorophenyl 3,4-difluorophenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ 3-fluoro-methyl-3-fluoro-methyl- 3-fluoro-methyl- phenyl phenyl phenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂4-methylthiophenyl 4-methylthiophenyl 4-methylthiophenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂3-methoxyphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂3-fluoromethyl- 3-fluoromethyl- 3-fluoro-methyl- phenyl phenyl phenyl(CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ 2-methoxyphenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 2-methoxyphenyl (CH₂)₅(CH₂)₂ 4-methoxyphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂4-phenoxyphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂2,4-difluorophenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂2-naphthyl 2-naphthyl 2-naphthyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ 2-thiophenyl 2-thiophenyl2-thiophenyl (CH₂)₅ (CH₂)₂ 4-dimethylamino- 4-dimethylamino-4-dimethylamino- phenyl phenyl phenyl N(t-butyl) C₆H₄ chloro chlorochloro N(t-butyl) C₆H₄ methylphenyl 4-methylphenyl 4-methylphenylN(t-butyl) C₆H₄ chloro 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl (CH₂)₅(CH₂)₂ chloro chloro cyclohexyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ phenoxy phenoxycyclohexyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ n-propyl n-propyl n-propyl O (CH₂)₂ chlorochloro chloro O (CH₂)₂ i-propyl i-propyl i-propyl N(n-propyl) (CH₂)₂phenyl phenyl phenyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ methyl phenyl phenyl N(n-propyl)(CH₂)₂ 2-(diphenylphos- phenyl phenyl phinyl)ethyl N(n-propyl) (CH₂)₂2-(methylphenyl- phenyl methyl phosphinyl)ethyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ methylmethyl 3,5-difluorophenyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl chloro

[0176] TABLE 2 Formula 2A z R₁ R₂ N(t-butyl) chloro chloro N(t-butyl)chloro phenyl N(t-butyl) vinyl phenyl N(t-butyl) phenyl phenyl Nt-butyl) mesityl phenyl N(t-butyl) ethyl phenyl N(t-butyl) allyl phenylN(t-butyl) isopropyl phenyl N(t-butyl) vinyl vinyl N(t-butyl) mesitylmesityl N(t-butyl) isopropyl isopropyl N(n-propyl) chloro chloroN(n-propyl) chloro phenyl N(n-propyl) vinyl phenyl N(n-propyl) vinylvinyl N(n-propyl) allyl phenyl N(n-propyl) allyl allyl N(phenyl) chlorophenyl N(chloro) chloro phenyl N(phenyl) chloro phenyl N(i-propyl)isopropyl phenyl N(phenyl) cyclohexyl cyclohexyl N(n-propyl) phenyl2-methoxyphenyl N(n-propyl) phenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl N(t-butyl) phenyl2-methoxyphenyl N(n-propyl) phenyl 2-thiomethylphenyl N(n-propyl) phenyl8-(dimethylamino)- 1-naphthalenyl N(t-butyl) phenyl 2-thienylN(n-propyl) phenyl 2-thiazole N(phenyl) phenyl 2-diethyl sulfideN(n-propyl) 2-furyl 2-thienyl N(n-propyl) 2-methylthiophenyl2-methylthiophenyl N(n-propyl) 2-methoxyphenyl 2-methoxyphenylN(n-propyl) 8-(dimethylamino)- 8-(dimethylamino)- 1-naphthalenyl1-naphthalenyl N(phenyl) ethyl chloro N(phenyl) chloro chloro N(phenyl)isopropyl isopropyl N(n-propyl) phenyl 2-pyridyl N(n-propyl) H phenylN(n-propyl) bromo furyl N(n-propyl) pyridyl pyridyl N(n-propyl) phenyl

N(phenyl) ethyl

[0177] TABLE 3 Formula 3A Z A R₁ R₂ N(n-propyl) (CH₂)₂ chloro chloroN(n-propyl) (CH₂)₂ n-butyl n-butyl N(n-propyl) (CH₂)₂ t-butyl t-butylN(n-propyl) (CH₂)₂ n-heptyl N(n-propyl) (CH₂)₂ 2-methyl-2- 2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl phenylpropyl N(n-propyl) (CH₂)₂ phenyl phenyl N(n-propyl)(CH₂)₂ 4-t-butylphenyl 4-t-butylphenyl N(n-propyl) (CH₂)₂ mesitylmesityl N(n-propyl) (CH₂)₂ 1S, 2S-trans-1, 2-cyclohexanediol N(t-butyl)(CH₂)₂ chloro chloro N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ 4-chlorophenyl 4-chlorophenylN(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ phenethyl phenethyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ i-propyli-propyl N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ phenoxy phenoxy N(cyclohexyl) (CH₂)₂ chlorochloro N(cyclohexyl) (CH₂)₂ n-heptyl N(n-propyl) (CH₂)₂ n-heptyln-heptyl

[0178] TABLE 4 Formula 4A Z A R₁ R₂ R₃ CH(OH) (CH₂)₂ i-propyl i-propyli-propyl

[0179] TABLE 5 Formula 5A Z A R₁ R₂ R₃ N(t-butyl) (CH₂)₂ phenyl mesitylphenyl

[0180] Another aspect of this invention is a combinatorial library ofsupported phosphine compounds selected from the group consisting ofFormulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 wherein SS is a solid support whereinat least one P in each phosphine is attached indirectly or directly tothe solid support via one or more covalent bonds;

[0181] A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms,linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms ororganometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, whereQ₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and

[0182] R₂ and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together canoptionally form a ring.

[0183] As used herein, a combinatorial library is an intentionallycreated collection of a plurality of differing molecules which can beprepared by selected synthetic means and screened for a desired activityor characteristic in a variety of formats (e.g., libraries of solublemolecules, libraries of compounds attached to resin beads, silica chips,or other solid supports). The libraries are generally prepared such thatthe compounds are in approximately equimolar quantities, and areprepared by combinatorial synthesis. Combinatorial synthesis refers tothe parallel synthesis of diverse compounds by sequential additions ofmultiple choices of reagents which leads to the generation of largechemical libraries containing related molecules having moleculardiversity. Screening methods for libraries vary greatly and aredependent upon a desired activity, the size of library, and the class ofcompounds in the library.

[0184] The libraries of the instant invention can be of any type. Thesetypes include but are not limited to arrays and mixtures. Arrays arelibraries in which the individual compounds are simultaneouslysynthesized in spatially segregated locations, typically identified bytheir location on a grid. Mixture libraries contain a mixture ofcompounds that are simultaneously synthesized and assayed.Identification of the most active compound is then performed by any ofseveral techniques well known in the combinatorial art, such asdeconvolution.

[0185] A preferred solid support for the combinatorial libraries of theinstant invention is an organic or inorganic polymer as described above,to which the phosphorus can be covalently attached through a side chainor pendant group of the polymeric backbone.

[0186] Preferred embodiments for the novel combinatorial libraries ofphosphine compositions are shown in Formulae 1A-7A where Z is a divalentattaching group covalently attached to at least one phosphorus in eachphosphine, selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbylene,substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —NR₄—, where R₄ is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl andhalogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalently attached to Z andto SS, selected from the group consisting of optionally-substitutedchains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, and cyclic carbon atoms.

[0187] Preferred compounds include those where L is —CH₂—. Alsopreferred are those where A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyland t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0188] Most preferred libraries are those where the solid support ispolystyrene (crosslinked with divinylbenzene) and where L, Z, A, R₁, R₂,and R₃ are as shown in Tables 6-7 below. TABLE 6 Formula 1A Mixedlibraries L = CH₂Z = N(t-butyl)A = (CH₂)₂ R₁,R₂,R₃ n-propyl3,5-difluorophenyl L = CH₂Z = N(t-butyl)A = (CH₂)₂ R₁,R₂,R₃ n-propylcyclopentyl t-butyl phenyl 4-t-butylphenyl 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl4-anisole 3-anisole 2-anisole 4-fluorophenyl 3,4-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl L = CH₂Z = N(t-butyl)A = (CH₂)₂ R₁,R₂,R₃ o-tolyl2-thienyl 3,5-difluorophenyl

[0189] TABLE 7 Formula 1A Array library L = CH₂, Z = (CH₂)₅, A = (CH₂)₂R₁ R₂ R₃ phenyl phenyl phenyl isopropyl isopropyl isopropyl butyl butylbutyl isobutyl isobutyl isobutyl 2-butyl 2-butyl 2-butyl cyclopentylcyclopentyl cyclopentyl cyclohexyl cyclohexyl cyclohexyl dodecyl dodecyldodecyl pentadecyl pentadecyl pentadecyl phenyl phenyl phenyl2-methylphenylpropyl 2-methylphenyl- 2-methylphenyl- propyl propylo-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl m-tolyl m-tolyl m-tolyl p-tolyl p-tolyl p-tolyl4-butylphenyl 4-butylphenyl 4-butylphenyl 4-fluorophenyl 4-fluorophenyl4-fluorophenyl 3-bis(trimethyl- 3-bis(trimethyl- 3-bis(trimethyl-silyl)amino- silyl)amino- silyl)amino- phenyl phenyl phenyl2,6-dimethylphenyl 2,6-dimethyl- 2,6-dimethylphenyl phenyl3,4-difluorophenyl 3,4-difluoro- 3,4-difluorophenyl phenyl3-fluoro-methylphenyl 3-fluoro-methyl- 3-fluoro-methylphenyl phenyl4-methylthiophenyl 4-methylthio- 4-methylthiophenyl phenyl3-methoxyphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 3-fluoro-methylphenyl3-fluoro-methyl- 3-fluoro-methylphenyl phenyl 2-methoxyphenyl2-methoxyphenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl4-methoxyphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl2,4-difluorophenyl 2,4-difluoro- 2,4-difluorophenyl phenyl 2-naphthyl2-naphthyl 2-naphthyl 2-thiophenyl 2-thiophenyl 2-thiophenyl4-dimethylaminophenyl 4-dimethylamino- 4-dimethylaminophenyl phenyl

[0190] Any reaction in which the phosphorus is covalently attached tothe solid support may be used to prepare the compounds and librariesrepresented by Formula 1-7, such as those described in Encyclopedia ofInorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Vol. 6, pg. 3149-3213, hereinincorporated by reference.

[0191] One such scheme, another aspect of this invention, comprises thesteps of contacting (i) a phosphine selected from the group consistingof XPR₁R₂, XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂, HP(═O)R₁R₂, HP(═O) R₃—A—PR₁R₂, andHP(═O)R₃—A—P(═O)R₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with (ii) a solid support,resulting in at least one P in the phosphine attached indirectly ordirectly to the solid support via one or more covalent bonds, andoptionally replacing one or more of R₁, R₂ or R₃ with any other R₁, R₂or R₃ defined above. To create a library, one or more phosphines arereacted with one or more solid supports, generating a plurality ofsupported phosphine compounds.

[0192] One embodiment of attaching the P to the solid support is via thereaction of the halogen or hydrogen bonded to the phosphorus in thephosphine with a nucleophilic group that is covalently attached to asolid support. The term nucleophilic group is a term well recognized inthe art and refers to chemical moieties having a reactive pair ofelectrons. This scheme can easily be adapted for combinatorialsynthesis.

[0193] When using diphosphines to prepare the compounds of the instantinvention, the ratio of the reagents determines whether the product hasone P in each phosphine or both P in each phosphine attached covalentlyto the solid support. When at least 2 molar equivalents of a phosphineof the Formula XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ is contacted with no more than one molarequivalent of the nucleophilic group attached to the solid support, theresulting product will have one P in the phosphine covalently bonded tothe solid support. When no more than one molar equivalent of a phosphineof the Formula XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ is contacted with at least 2 molarequivalents of the nucleophilic group attached to the solid support, theresulting product will have both P in the phosphine covalently bonded tothe solid support.

[0194] Other preferred processes of the instant invention to prepare asupported phosphine compound or a library of supported phosphinecompounds include where: (1) the supported phosphine compound is ofFormula 1A and the process comprises the steps of contacting at least 2molar equivalents of a phosphine of the Formula XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ with nomore than one molar equivalent of Z, resulting in one P in the phosphinebeing covalently bonded to the Z; (2) the supported phosphine compoundis of Formula 2A and the process comprises the steps of contacting aphosphine of the Formula PR₁R₂X with the solid support, resulting in oneP in the phosphine being covalently bonded to Z; (3) the supportedphosphine compound is of Formula 3A and the process comprises the stepsof contacting no more than one molar equivalent of a phosphine of theFormula XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ with at least two molar equivalents of Z, resultingin both of the P in the phosphine being covalently bonded to the Z; (4)the supported phosphine compound is of Formula 4A and the processcomprises the steps of contacting a phosphine of the FormulaHP(═O)R₃—A—PR₁R₂ with the solid support, resulting in one P in thephosphine being covalently bonded to Z, and (5) where the supportedphosphine compound is of Formula 5A and the process comprises the stepsof contacting a phosphine of the Formula HP(═O)R₁R₂ with a solid supportof the formula

[0195] wherein the P in the solid support is covalently bonded to Z andZ′ is selected from the group consisting of alkenyls, resulting in the Pin the phosphine being covalently bonded to the P in the solid supportvia Z′.

[0196] More preferred is where SS is polystyrene, L is —CH₂—, Z isselected from the group consisting of optionally-substituted carbonchain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)— and —O—, A is selected from thegroup consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbonatoms and an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms, R₄is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl,i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl, and R₁, R₂, and R₃ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle; and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.

[0197] Examples of reactions to prepare the compounds are shown but notlimited to those in Scheme 1 below, where X is a halogen, M is anymetal, R can be one or more of R₁, R₂, or R₃, and R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, Z, andA are as defined above. The Z, O, S, and N substituents are covalentlyattached to the solid support.

[0198] Any of the substituents in the above compounds may be replaced byother functional groups using any procedure known in the art. One or allof the substituents can be reacted in a single reaction, depending onthe choice of reactants and reaction conditions. These reactions caneasily be adapted for combinatorial processes. Examples of suitableprocedures are shown by but not limited to those depicted in Scheme 2below, where X, M, and A are as defined above, and R indicates any ofR₁, R₂, or R₃, as defined above. Examples of suitable definitions for Minclude Mg, Li, and Zn. Y is any linking group with the properorientation or with enough flexibility to allow the reaction to proceed.The choice of Y will determine whether the ring is formed between twophosphorus atoms or on one phosphorus atom. Examples of suitable linkinggroups include hydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, andorganometallic compounds.

[0199] The processes of the instant invention and of Schemes 1-2 arepreferably performed under dry, inert atmosphere with dry, deoxygenatedsolvents. Any solvent is suitable provided that it is inert to allreagents and products. Optimum temperatures are about −80 to about 200°C., preferably about −80 to about 150° C.

[0200] The invention provides for novel phosphine compositions ofFormulae 8-12:

[0201] where A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbonatoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatomsor organometallic groups; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, andNQ₅Q₆, where Q₁ Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈form a ring.

[0202] Preferred embodiments for these phosphine compositions are whereA is an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈form a ring. More preferred embodiments for Formula 8 are where at leastone of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are different from the rest. Most preferredembodiments are shown in Tables 8-12 below. TABLE 8 Formula 8 A = (CH₂)₂R₅ R₆ R₇ R₈ chloro 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl chloro phenoxy phenoxy phenoxy ethoxy phenyl phenylphenyl ethoxy ethyl ethyl ethyl ethoxy isobutyl isobutyl isobutyl ethoxy4-fluorophenyl 4-fluorophenyl 4-fluorophenyl methoxy 4-chlorophenyl4-chlorophenyl 4-chlorophenyl methoxy mesityl mesityl mesityl methoxyphenethyl phenethyl phenethyl 1-propylthio phenyl phenyl phenyl1-propylthio isopropyl isopropyl isopropyl 1-propylthio3,4,5-trifluorophenyl 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl 3,4,5-trifluorophenyldiethylamino isopropyl isopropyl isopropyl chloro o-tolyl o-tolylo-tolyl chloro 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl H 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl phenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl o-tolyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl m-tolyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl p-tolyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 4-(t-butyl)phenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl mesityl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl2,5-dimethylphenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3-methyl-4-fluoro- 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl phenyl 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl methyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl ethyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl n-propyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl cyclopentyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl n-heptyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl cyclohexyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl phenylmethyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 2-butyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl t-butyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl n-pentadecyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-phenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl i-propyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3-chloro-4-fluoro- 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl phenyl phenethyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl i-butyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 2-methyl-2-phenyl-3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl propyl n-decyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 2-methoxy-4-fluoro- 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl phenyl 2-methoxy3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl allyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl thiophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl phenoxy3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl H o-tolylo-tolyl o-tolyl phenyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolylo-tolyl m-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl p-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl4-(t-butyl)phenyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl mesityl o-tolyl o-tolylo-tolyl 2,5-dimethylphenyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl 3-methyl-4-fluoro-o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl phenyl 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl o-tolyl o-tolylo-tolyl methyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl ethyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyln-propyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl cyclopentyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyln-heptyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl cyclohexyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolylphenylmethyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl 2-butyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolylt-butyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl n-pentadecyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl3,5-phenyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl i-propyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl3-chloro-4-fluoro- o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl phenyl phenethyl o-tolylo-tolyl o-tolyl i-butyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl 2-methyl-2-phenyl-o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl propyl n-decyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl3,4-dimethoxyphenyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl 2-methoxy-4-fluoro- o-tolylo-tolyl o-tolyl phenyl 2-methoxy o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl 4-phenoxyphenylo-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl allyl o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl thiophenyl o-tolylo-tolyl o-tolyl phenoxy o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl H 2-thienyl 2-thienyl2-thienyl phenyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl o-tolyl 2-thienyl2-thienyl 2-thienyl m-tolyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl p-tolyl2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 4-(t-butyl)phenyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl2-thienyl mesityl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2,5-dimethylphenyl2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 3-methyl-4-fluoro- 2-thienyl 2-thienyl2-thienyl phenyl 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienylmethyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl ethyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyln-propyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl cyclopentyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl2-thienyl n-heptyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl cyclohexyl 2-thienyl2-thienyl 2-thienyl phenylmethyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-butyl2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl t-butyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyln-pentadecyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 3,5-phenyl 2-thienyl2-thienyl 2-thienyl i-propyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl3-chloro-4-fluoro- 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl phenyl phenethyl2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl i-butyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl2-methyl-2-phenyl- 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl propyl n-decyl2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl2-thienyl 2-methoxy-4-fluoro- 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl phenyl2-methoxy 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 2-thienyl2-thienyl 2-thienyl allyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl thiophenyl2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienyl phenoxy 2-thienyl 2-thienyl 2-thienylchloro phenyl chloro phenyl phenyl chloro chloro phenyl chloro H chloroH H chloro chloro H chloro mesityl chloro mesityl mesityl chloro chloromesityl methoxy 4-chlorophenyl methoxy 4-chlorophenyl 4-chlorophenylmethoxy methoxy 4-chlorophenyl n-heptyl methoxy n-heptyl methoxy methoxyn-heptyl n-heptyl methoxy chloro chloro 1S,2S-trans-1,2-cyclohexanediolchloro chloro n-heptyl phenyl phenoxy phenyl phenoxy phenoxy phenylphenyl phenoxy 2-methyl-2-phenyl- 3,5-difluorophenoxy 2-methyl-2-phenyl-3,5-difluorophenoxy propyl propyl 3,5-difluorophenoxy 2-methyl-2-phenyl-2-methyl-2-phenyl- 3,5-difluorophenoxy propyl propyl thiopropyl phenylthiopropyl phenyl thiopropyl phenyl phenyl thiopropyl diethylaminochloro chloro chloro chloro phenyl phenyl phenyl ethoxy n-propyln-propyl n-propyl ethoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl ethoxy n-propyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl. ethoxy n-propyl n-propyl 3,5-difluorophenyl ethoxy3,5-difluorophenyl n-propyl n-propyl ethoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl n-propyl3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl

[0203] TABLE 9 Formula 9 R₇ R₅ R₆ chloro phenyl phenyl thiopropyl phenylphenyl ethoxy i-propyl i-propyl i-propyl i-propyl i-propyl thiopropylmesityl mesityl thiopropyl phenyl i-propyl chloro cyclohexyl cyclohexylchloro vinyl phenyl chloro phenyl 2-methoxyphenyl chloro phenyl2,4-dimethoxyphenyl chloro phenyl 2-methoxyphenyl chloro phenyl2-thiomethyphenyl chloro phenyl 2-thienyl chloro phenyl 2-thiazolechloro phenyl 2-diethyl sulfide chloro 2-methylthiophenyl2-methylthiophenyl chloro 2-methoxyphenyl 2-methoxyphenyl

[0204] TABLE 10 Formula 10 A = (CH₂)₂ R₇ R₅ R₆ methyl methyl methylethyl ethyl ethyl n-propyl n-propyl n-propyl i-propyl i-propyl i-propylphenyl phenyl phenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluoro- 3,5-difluoro-phenyl phenyl mesityl mesityl mesityl phenyl phenyl methyl2-(diphenylphosphinyl) phenyl phenyl ethyl 2-(methylphenylphosphinyl)phenyl methyl ethyl

[0205] TABLE 11 Formula 11 A = (CH₂)₂ R₆ R₇ R₈ phenyl phenyl H heptyl Hphenyl phenyl mesityl phenethyl phenethyl H

[0206] TABLE 12 Formula 12 R₆ R₅ i-propyl i-propyl mesityl phenyli-propyl phenyl 2-thienyl 2-furyl 8-(dimethylamino)1-naphthalenyl8-(dimethylamino)1-naphthalenyl phenyl 8-(dimethylamino)1-naphthalenylphenyl

phenyl

[0207] The invention also provides for combinatorial libraries of thephosphine compositions of Formulae 8-12 where A is a divalent group of1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms, linear or branched, optionallycontaining one or more heteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₅, R₆, R₇,and R₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br,I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄ and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally togetherwith any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring. The libraries can beincluding arrays and any type of mixtures.

[0208] Preferred embodiments for these libraries are where A is anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, andR₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ canoptionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.More preferred embodiments for Formula 8 are where at least one of R₅,R₆, R₇, and R₈ are different from the rest. Most preferred embodimentsare shown in Tables 13-14 below. TABLE 13 Formula 8 Array library A =(CH₂)₂ R₅ R₆ R₇ R₈ o-tolyl o-tolyl o-tolyl H 2-thienyl 2-thienyl2-thienyl phenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl 3,5-difluorophenyl3,5-difluorophenyl o-tolyl m-tolyl p-tolyl 4-(t-butyl)phenyl mesityl2,5-dimethylphenyl 3-methyl-4-fluorophenyl 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl methylethyl n-propyl cyclopentyl n-heptyl cyclohexyl phenylmethyl 2-butylt-butyl n-pentadecyl 3,5-phenyl i-propyl 3-chloro-4-fluorophenylphenethyl i-butyl 2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl n-decyl 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl2-methoxy-4-fluorophenyl 2-methoxy 4-phenoxyphenyl allyl thiophenylphenoxy

[0209] TABLE 14 Formula 8 Mixed library A = (CH₂)₂ R₅ R₆, R₇, R₈ ethoxyn-propyl 3,5-difluorophenyl

[0210] Another aspect of this invention is a process to prepare thephosphine compound of Formulae 8-12 or a combinatorial library ofphosphine compounds of Formulae 8-12 where A is a divalent group of 1-12aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms, linear or branched, optionallycontaining one or more heteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₅, R₆, R₇,and R₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br,I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally togetherwith any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring. The process comprisesthe steps of:

[0211] (a) contacting (i) a supported phosphine selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 where SS is a solidsupport wherein at least one P in the phosphine is attached indirectlyor directly to the solid support via one or more covalent bonds; A is adivalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms, linear orbranched, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms ororganometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, whereQ₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together can optionally forma ring; with (ii) a compound of the Formula ER₉, wherein E is anelectrophilic group and R₉ is selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle,organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃,Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; thereby forming the correspondingcompound of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; and

[0212] (b) optionally replacing one or more of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ withany R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈.

[0213] To create a library, one or more supported phosphines are reactedwith one or more compounds of the Formula ER₉, generating a plurality ofphosphine compounds.

[0214] A preferred process is where the phosphine or the library ofphosphines produced by the above process is substituted asymmetrically;such compounds are difficult to prepare by techniques previously knownin the art. The solid support serves essentially as a protecting group,facilitating the attachment of at least one substituent on a phosphorusthat is different than the others. The process operates without anycomplicated separation or purification steps needed.

[0215] When the bisphosphine compounds of the present invention areunsymmetrically substituted, whether they are supported or unsupported,two isomers are present, cis and trans, as illustrated below.

[0216] The processes described herein prepare a 50/50 mixture of thesetwo isomers. The isomers can be isolated by standard techniques such asrecrystallization.

[0217] In the above process, E is any electrophilic group that willcleave the covalent bond attaching the phosphorus to the solid support.The term electrophilic group is a term well recognized in the art andrefers to chemical moieties, which can accept a pair of electrons from anucleophilic group as defined above. Suitable electrophilic groupsinclude —OH, trimethylsilyl, PCl₂, halogens, and protons donated fromcompounds such as acids, alcohols, or amines.

[0218] In the instance where ER₅ is water, the resulting POH group wouldrearrange to yield to form the compounds of Formula 10, 11, or 12. Thesecompounds can also be formed from any other of Formulae 8-12 via thereplacement of one or more of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ with an —OH group usingany method known in the art. An equivalent rearrangement occurs when aPSH group is present.

[0219] Preferred processes for the preparation of the phosphinecompounds or the library of phosphine compounds of the instant inventioninclude those wherein the supported phosphine is selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A where Z is adivalent attaching group covalently attached to at least one phosphorusin the phosphine, selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbylene,substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, where R₄ is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl andhalogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalently attached to Z andto SS, selected from the group consisting of optionally-substitutedchains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, and cyclic carbon atoms; A isan optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇,and R₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁,Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ canoptionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.

[0220] Also preferred is where E is selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, PCl₂, and SiMe₃, and where R₅ is a halogen.

[0221] After cleavage from the solid support, R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ may bereplaced with any other substituent using any method known in the art,in order to prepare a further range of compounds.

[0222] The process is preferably performed under dry, inert atmospherewith dry, deoxygenated solvents. Any solvent is suitable provided thatit is inert to all reagents and products. Optimum temperatures are about−80 to about 200° C., preferably about −80 to about 150° C.

[0223] Preferred versions of the process to prepare the phosphinecompounds or the library of phosphine compounds of the instant inventioninclude those where the supported phosphine compound is selected fromthe group consisting of Formulae 1 and 3 and the corresponding phosphinecompound is of Formula 8, the supported phosphine compound is of Formula2 and the corresponding phosphine compound is of Formula 9; thesupported phosphine compound is of Formula 4 and the phosphine compoundis of Formula 10, the supported phosphine compound is selected from thegroup consisting of Formulae 3 and 5 and the phosphine compound is ofFormula 11, and the supported phosphine compound is of Formula 2, andthe phosphine compound is of Formula 12. More preferred is where Z isselected from the group consisting of optionally-substituted carbonchain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—, A is selected from thegroup consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbonatoms and an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms,R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and any of R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈form a ring.

[0224] The phosphorus compounds and libraries described herein, bothsupported and unsupported, can be utilized as ligands for catalyticcompounds.

[0225] Another aspect of the instant invention is a coordinationcompound comprising one or more transition metals complexed to a ligandselected from the group consisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7where SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphine isattached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds, A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometallic groups, R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, andNQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together can optionally forma ring.

[0226] “Coordination compound” refers to a compound formed by the unionof a metal ion (usually a transition metal) with a non-metallic ion ormolecule called a ligand or complexing agent.

[0227] The transition metals are hereby defined as metals of atomicweight 21 through 83. Preferably, the transition metal is from PeriodicGroup VIII, hereby defined as Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt.Preferred is Rh. The complex can be made by any synthetic method knownin the art, either through direct reaction or via the use of atransition metal precursor. Many of these techniques are described inHartley, ibid.

[0228] A preferred embodiment for the coordination compound is where SSis selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyacrylates,polymethacrylates, and copolymers thereof, and wherein the transitionmetals are selected from Periodic Group VIII.

[0229] Another preferred embodiment of the coordination compound iswhere the ligand is selected from the group consisting of Formulae 1A,2A, 3A, 4A, SA, 6A, and 7A where Z is a divalent attaching groupcovalently attached to at least one phosphorus in the phosphine,selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbylene, substitutedhydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —NR₄— where R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl and halogen, and Lis a divalent linking group covalently attached to Z and to SS, selectedfrom the group consisting of optionally-substituted chains of from 1 to12 linear, branched, and cyclic carbon atoms.

[0230] More preferred is where the ligand is Formula 1A where SS ispolystyrene, L is —CH₂—, A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms, Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—, R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyland t-butyl, R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl or alkyl ring, and the transition metal is Rh. Most preferred iswhere the ligand is polymer-bound1-(1,1-di-n-propylphosphino)-2-n-propyl phospinioethane.

[0231] Most preferred is where the ligand is Formula 1 A, L is (CH₂), Zis N(t-butyl), A is (CH₂)₂, R₁ is n-propyl, R₂ is n-propyl, R₃ isn-propyl, and M is Rh.

[0232] Another aspect of the invention is a combinatorial library ofcoordination compounds comprising one or more transition metalscomplexed to one or more ligands selected from the group consisting ofFormulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 where SS is a solid support wherein atleast one P in each phosphine is attached indirectly or directly to thesolid support via one or more covalent bonds, A is a divalent group of1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms, linear or branched, optionallycontaining one or more heteroatoms or organometallic groups, R₁, R₂, andR₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br,I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ andR₂ together can optionally form a ring.

[0233] A preferred embodiment is where SS is selected from the groupconsisting of polyolefins, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, andcopolymers thereof, and wherein the transition metals are selected fromPeriodic Group VIII.

[0234] Also preferred is where the ligand is selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A where Z is adivalent attaching group covalently attached to at least one phosphorusin the phosphine, selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbylene,substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, where R₄ is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl andhalogen, and L is a divalent linking group covalently attached to Z andto SS, selected from the group consisting of optionally-substitutedchains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, and cyclic carbon atoms.

[0235] More preferred is where the ligand is Formula 1A, SS ispolystyrene, L is —CH₂—, A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms, Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—, R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl, R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring, and the transition metal is Rh.

[0236] Another aspect of the instant invention are novel combinatoriallibraries of coordination compounds comprising one or more transitionmetals complexed to one or more ligands selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 where A is a divalent groupof 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbon atoms, linear or branched,optionally containing one or more heteroatoms or organo-metallic groups,R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle,organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃,Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ canoptionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.

[0237] Preferred is the combinatorial library where A is anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms, R₅, R₆, R₇, andR₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ canoptionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring,and the transition metals are selected from Periodic Group VIII.

[0238] Also preferred is where the ligands are of Formula 8, and whereat least one of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are different from the rest.

[0239] More preferred is where A is an optionally-substituted carbonchain of 1-3 carbon atoms, R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl,heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle, and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally togetherwith any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring, and the transitionmetal is Pd.

[0240] Most preferred is where the ligand is of Formula 8, A=(CH₂)₂, andwhere R₅, R₆, R₇, R₈, and M are shown below: R₅ R₆ R₇ R₈ M thiopropylphenyl thiopropyl phenyl Pd thiopropyl phenyl phenyl thiopropyl Pd

[0241] The phosphine coordination compounds and libraries of phosphinecoordination compounds can be prepared by any method known in the art,but preferably by those described herein.

[0242] Another aspect of the instant invention is a novel reaction toprepare coumarin, useful as an intermediate in pharmaceuticalpreparations, by contacting salicylaldehyde with an acrylate of theformula

[0243] wherein R₁₀ is an alkyl group of 1-6 carbons. Preferred is whereR₁₀ is n-butyl. Salicyladehyde is converted via decarbonylation andinsertion of an acrylate, followed by ring closure, as shown in Scheme3.

[0244] A preferred process is where the reaction is performed in thepresence of a catalytic amount of the novel, phosphine coordinationcompounds of the instant invention, described above. Preferred is wherethe coordination compounds comprise a ligand selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1-7. Most preferred is where the metal is Rh, andthe ligand is of Formula 1A where wherein SS is polystyrene, L is —CH₂—,A is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedcarbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and an optionally-substituted carbonring of 6-12 carbon atoms, Z is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—, R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl,n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl, R₁, R₂, and R₃ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring. Mostpreferred is where SS is polystyrene, A is (CH₂)₂, Z is N(t-butyl), andR₁, R₂, and R₃ are n-propyl.

[0245] Any solvent is suitable for this process provided that it isinert to all reagents and products. Optimum temperatures are about −80to about 200° C., preferably about −80 to about 150° C.

EXAMPLES

[0246] The following non-limiting Examples are meant to illustrate theinvention but are not intended to limit it in any way.

Materials and Methods

[0247] All manipulations of air-sensitive materials were carried outwith rigorous exclusion of oxygen and moisture in flame-driedSchlenk-type glassware on a dual manifold Schlenk line, interfaced to ahigh-vacuum (10⁻⁴-10⁻⁵ Torr) line, or in a nitrogen-filled VacuumAtmospheres glovebox with a high-capacity recirculator (1-2 ppm of O₂).Before use, all solvents were distilled under dry nitrogen overappropriate drying agents (such as sodium benzophenone ketyl and metalhydrides except for chlorinated solvents). Deuterium oxide, THF-D₈, C₆D₆and chloroform-d were purchased from Cambridge Isotopes (Andover,Mass.). All organic and inorganic starting materials were purchased fromAldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee Wis.), Farchan Laboratories Inc.(Gainesville, Fla.), Strem Chemicals (Newburyport, Mass.),Calbiochem-NovaBiochem Corp. (San Diego, Calif.), Rieke Metals, Inc.(Lincoln, Nebr.), or Lancaster Synthesis Inc. (Windham, N.H.), and whenappropriate were distilled prior to use. The substrates zirconiummetallacycles 2,3,4,5-tetramethylphospholylchloride,2,3,4,5-tetraethylphospholylchloride, and1,7-di-tert-butyl-1,6-bicyclo[3,3]heptadiynyl-phospholylchloride weresynthesized via modifications of literature methods (Fagan et al., J.Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, pp. 2310-2312).

Physical And Analytical Measurements

[0248] NMR spectra were recorded on either a Nicolet NMC-300 wide-bore(FT, 300 MHz, ¹H; 75 MHz, ¹³C, 121 MHz ³¹P), or GE QM-300 narrow-bore(FT, 300 MHz, ¹H) instrument. Chemical shifts (δ) for ¹H, ¹³C arereferenced to internal solvent resonances and reported relative toSiMe₄. ³¹P NMR shifts are reported relative to external phosphoric acid.Analytical gas chromatography was performed on a Varian Model 3700 gaschromatograph with FID detectors and a Hewlett-Packard 3390A digitalrecorder/integrator using a 0.125 in. i.d. column with 3.8% w/w SE-30liquid phase on Chromosorb W support. GC/MS studies were conducted on aVG 70-250 SE instrument with 70 eV electron impact ionization.

Example 1 Reaction of Merrifeld Resin with tert-Butylamine

[0249]

[0250] A solution of t-butylamine (70 g, 0.95 moles) and KI (0.3 g, 2mmol) in 800 mL of THF was treated with Merrifield resin(chloromethylpolystyrene-divinylbenzene crosslinked with 2%divinylbenzene, 50 g, 0.89 mmol/g, 44.5 mmol) while stirring at roomtemperature for 30 min. The suspension was then refluxed for 48 h beforethe solution was filtered off. The resulting resin was washedsequentially with water (3×250 mL), THF (3×150 mL), hexane (3×200 mL).After drying in vacuo overnight, 51 g of the resin was obtained (98%yield according to N elemental analysis, anal. calculated forpolymer-NHC(Me)₃: N, 1.25. Found: N, 1.22). The disappearance of ¹Hresonances of polymer-Ph—CH₂—Cl (δCH₂=18 4.5 ppm) and the appearance of¹H resonances of polymer-Ph—CH₂—NHC(Me)₃ (δCH₂=˜3.7 ppm) indicates thecomplete transformation of the chloromethyl groups totert-butylaminomethyl groups. Hereafter, this will be referred to asResin I.

Example 2 Reaction of tertiary-butylaminomethyl Merrifield Resin and1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)ethane

[0251]

[0252] A solution of Cl₂PCH₂CH₂PCl₂ (15 g, 64.7 mmol) in 200 mL of THFwas treated slowly with Resin I (15 g, 0.72 mmol/g, 10.8 mmol) whilestirring at room temperature for a period of 30 min. before Et₃N (5 g,49 mmol) was added. The resulting suspension was stirred at roomtemperature overnight before the solution was filtered off. The resinwas sequentially washed with hexane (2×50 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (3×80 mL), andhexane (2×30 mL). The resulting resin was dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹PNMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 195, 152 ppm. Hereafter this will be referred toas Resin II.

Example 3 Reaction of 1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)ethane with 1%divinylbenzene Crosslinked Polystyrene Containing 0.80 mmol/g ofHydroxymethyl Substitution

[0253]

[0254] A 500 mL round bottomed flask with a magnetic stirrer was chargedwith 10.0 g of Cl₂PCH₂CH₂PCl₂ and 100 mL of tetrahydrofuran. In a 300 mLbeaker was mixed 25 g of 1% divinylbenzene cross-linked polystyrene witha loading of hydroxymethyl groups of 0.80 mmol/g (NovaBiochem01-64-0110), 150 mL of tetrahydrofuran, and 3.00 g of 8.08 g oftriethylamine. The mixture was added slowly to the flask containing theCl₂PCH₂CH₂PCl₂ and was stirred for 4.0 h at room temperature. The resinwas isolated by filtration, was washed once with 100 mL oftetrahydrofuran, five times with 100 mL of hexane, four times with 100mL portions of dichloromethane, and twice with 100 mL portions ofhexane. The resin was then dried under high vacuum. ³¹P{¹H} NMR (122MHz, C₆D₆ solvent): δ 201 (broad singlet, 1 P), 194 (broad singlet, 1P).

Example 4 Reaction of Merrifield Resin with1,5-bis(bromomagnesium)pentane Followed by Reaction with1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)ethane

[0255]

[0256] A two-necked 2 L round-bottomed flask with magnetic stirrer wascharged with 500 mL (250 mmol) of BrMg(CH₂)₅MgBr (0.5 M intetrahydrofuran) and 250 mL of tetrahydrofuran. To this was added whilestirring 50 g (50 mmol) of Merrifield Resin (polystyrene 1% crosslinkedwith divinylbenzene, and 1.0 mmol/g of chloromethyl group substitution)in small portions over 30-40 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirredovernight at room temperature, and was then refluxed for 2 d. Aftercooling, the resin was isolated by filtration, was washed five timessequentially with 300 mL portions of tetrahydrofuran and 300 mL ofhexane. This was then dried in vacuo. A one liter round-bottomed flaskwith a magnetic stirring bar was charged with1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)ethane (46.4 g, 200 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran500 mL. The resin was added to this solution, and the reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature overnight. The resin was collected byfiltration and was washed five times with 300 mL portions oftetrahydrofuran, and then five times with 300 mL of hexane. It was thendried in vacuo. Hereafter, this will be referred to as Resin III.³¹P{¹H} NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆ solvent): δ 107 (broad singlet); 197 (broadsinglet). In some cases integration of these two resonances indicatedthe phosphorus reagent crosslinked some of the alkyl linking chains ofthe polymer to the degree of approximately 20%.

Example 5 Reaction of Resin II with Grignard Reagents

[0257]

[0258] To each of sixteen 20 mL glass vials was added 1.35 g of ResinII. To each of these vials was added the Grignard solution in the amountand concentration indicated in Table 2A below, and the volume in eachvial was brought up to nearly the top of the vial by addition oftetrahydrofuran. The capped vials were agitated on an orbital shaker for24 h, and each resin was collected by filtration. Each resin was washedtwice with 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran, twice with 10%water/tetrahydrofuran, twice with 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran, and twicewith 10 mL of hexane. The resins were then dried in vacuo and analyzedby ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, C₆D₆). Table 2A indicates the Grignard reagent andthe molarity used, solvent, volume of reagent, yield, and NMR analysisof resulting products. TABLE 2A YIELD Ex. R_(g)-MgX MOLARITY SOLVENTVOL. (mL) (g) 31p δ 5-A (4-methylphenyl)MgBr 1.0 Ether 9 1.42 46 5-B(4-chlorophenyl)MgBr 1.0 Ether 9 1.54 45 5-C (4-tert-butylphenyl)MgBr2.0 Ether 4.5 1.57 46 5-D (ethynyl)MgBr 0.5 THF 18 1.74 46 5-E(propynyl)MgBr 0.5 THF 18 1.33 46 5-F (4-fluorophenyl)MgBr 2.0 Ether 4.51.52 45 5-G (vinyl)MgBr 1.0 THF 9 1.21 46 5-H (cyclopentyl)MgBr 2.0Ether 4.5 1.37 59 5-I (decyl)MgBr 1.0 Ether 9 1.51 47 5-J(3,4-difluorophenyl)MgBr 0.5 THF 18 1.52 46 5-K (4-n-butylphenyl)MgBr0.5 THF 18 1.51 46 5-L (3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)MgBr 0.5 THF 18 1.63 375-M (4-methylthiophenyl)MgBr 0.5 THF 18 1.53 46 5-N(3-methoxyphenyl)MgBr 0.5 THF 18 1.52 48 5-O(3-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)MgBr 0.5 THF 18 1.51 46 5-P(4-methoxyphenyl)MgBr 0.5 THF 18 1.49 44

Example 6 Reaction of Resin II withbis(cyclopentadienyl)-1,2,3,4-tetramethylbuta-1,4-dienylzirconium(IV)

[0259]

[0260] Resin II (5 g) was reacted with 2.0 g ofbis(cyclopentadienyl)-1,2,3,4-tetramethylbuta-1,4-dienylzirconium(IV) inanhydrous dichloromethane at room temperature. The resin was collectedby filtration, was washed twice with 100 mL of hexane, and then threetimes with 100 mL of dichloromethane. It was then dried in vacuo.Hereafter, this will be referred to as Resin IV. ³¹P{¹H} NMR (122 MHz,CDCl₃ solvent): δ 14 (broad singlet); 160 (broad singlet).

Example 7 Reaction of Resin II withbis(cyclopentadienyl)-dimethyl-1,4-dienylzirconium(IV)

[0261]

[0262] A suspension of Resin II (0.9 g, ˜1.24 mmol/g, 1.1 mmol) in 100mL of THF was treated with (η⁵-C₅H₅)₂ZrMe₂ (0.70 g, 2.8 mmol) at roomtemperature for 8 h before the solution was filtered off. The resultingresin was washed with THF (3×30 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (2×30 mL) and hexane (2×20mL). The resin was dried in vacuo overnight. The polymer-supported1-(1,1-dimethylphosphino)-2-chlorophosphinoethane, 0.9 g, was obtained.³¹P NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 155, −47 ppm.

Example 8 Reaction of Resin IV with 2,4,6-trimethylphenylmagnesiumBromide

[0263]

[0264] Resin IV was reacted with an excess of 1.0 M solution of2,4,6-trimethylphenylmagnesium bromide in ether. The resin was collectedby filtration, and was washed twice with 100 mL portions oftetrahydrofuran, twice with 100 mL portions of hexane, twice with 150 mLportions of dichloromethane, once with 5% water/tetrahydrofuran, andfinally twice with 100 mL portions of dichloromethane. ³¹P{¹H} NMR (122MHz, CDCl₃ solvent): δ 17 (broad singlet); 49 (broad singlet).

Example 9 Reaction of Resin III with Grignard Reagents

[0265]

[0266] Thirty-two 20 mL glass vials were charged 1.0 g (1.0 mmol) ofResin m. To each vial was added 9.0 mmol of a Grignard reagent as listedin the Table 3A below. The reactions were shaken overnight. Then theresin in each vial was collected by filtration, and washed with in orderwith the following solvents: tetrahydrofuran (2×10 mL), hexane (2×10mL), 10% water/tetrahydrofuran (12 mL), tetrahydrofuran (2×10 mL),hexane (2×10 mL), tetrahydrofuran (2×10 mL), and hexane (2×10 mL). Eachsample was then dried by flushing with nitrogen. The yield of eachisolated resin was in the range 1.02-1.110 g. All of the resins had ³¹PNMR peaks in the range 50 to −50 ppm relative to external phosphoricacid which indicated the expected products. Table 3A indicates theGrignard reagent, molarity used, and volume of reagent.

[0267] Example 9-FF was prepared using the above procedure, except that(2-thiophenyl)Li was used in place of a Grignard reagent. TABLE 3A Ex.R_(g)-MgX MOLARITY VOL. (mL) 9-A (methyl)MgBr 3 3 9-B (ethyl)MgBr 2 4.59-C (n-propyl)MgBr 2 4.5 9-D (isopropyl)MgBr 2 4.5 9-E (butyl)MgBr 2 4.59-F (iso-butyl)MgBr 2 4.5 9-G (2-butyl)MgCl 2 4.5 9-H (cyclopentyl)MgBr2 4.5 9-I (cyclohexyl)MgBr 2 4.5 9-J (dodecyl)MgBr 1 9 9-K(pentadecyl)MgBr 0.5 18 9-L (phenyl)MgBr 3 3 9-M(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl)MgCl 0.5 18 9-N (ortho-tolyl)MgCl 1 9 9-O(meta-tolyl)MgCl 1 9 9-P (para-tolyl)MgBr 1 9 9-Q(4-tert-butylphenyl)MgBr 2 4.5 9-R (4-fluorophenyl)MgBr 2 4.5 9-S(3-bis(trimethylsilyl) 1 9 aminophenyl)MgCl 9-T (2,6-dimethylphenyl)MgBr1 9 9-U (3,4-difluorophenyl)MgBr 0.5 18 9-V(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)MgBr 0.5 18 9-W (4-methylthiophenyl)MgBr 0.5 189-X (3-methoxyphenyl)MgBr 0.5 18 9-Y (3-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)MgBr 0.518 9-Z (2-methoxyphenyl)MgBr 0.5 18 9-AA (4-methoxyphenyl)MgBr 0.5 189-BB (4-phenoxyphenyl)MgBr 0.5 18 9-CC (2,4-difluorophenyl)MgBr 0.5 189-DD (2-naphthyl)MgBr 0.25 36 9-EE (4-dimethylaminophenyl)MgBr 0.5 189-FF (2-thiophenyl)Li 1 9

Example 10 Reaction of Resin I with 1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)benzene

[0268]

[0269] Polymer-supported1-(1,1-dichlorophosphino)-2-chlorophosphinobenzene was prepared usingthe procedure for Resin II with 1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)benzene usedin place of 1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)ethane.1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)benzene (12 g, 42.9 mmol) in 300 mL of THF wastreated slowly with Resin I (10 g, 0.72 mmol/g, 7.2 mmol) and Et₃N (4.4g, 43.5 mmol). ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 162, 124 ppm. Hereafter thiswill be referred to as Resin V.

Example 11 Reaction of Resin V with 4-methylphenylmagnesium Bromide

[0270] A suspension of Resin V (0.6 g, ˜0.72 mmol, 0.43 mmol) in 15 mLof THF was treated with 4-methylphenylmagnesium bromide (0.5 M solutionin diethylether, 5.1 mmol) at room temperature for 5 min. The resultingmixture was stirred for 2 h before the solution was filtered off and theresin was washed with H₂O (2×10 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (2×20 mL) and hexane (3×20mL). After drying in vacuo, ca. 0.6 g of the polymer-bound1-[1,1-di(4-methylphenyl)phosphino]-2-(4-methylphenyl)phosphinobenzenewas obtained. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 43, −13 ppm.

Example 12 Reaction of Resin II with 3,5-difluorophenylmagnesium Bromide

[0271]

[0272] A suspension of Resin II (2 g, ˜0.72 mmol/g, 1.44 mmol) in 100 mLof THF was treated with 3,5-difluorophenylmagnesium bromide (0.5 M indiethyl ether, 4.3 mmol) at room temperature for 8 h before the solutionwas filtered off. The resulting resin was washed with THF (3×15 mL),CH₂Cl₂ (2×20 mL) and hexane (2×20 mL). The resin was dried in vacuoovernight. The polymer-supported1-[di(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphino]-2-(chlorophosphino)ethane, 2.0 g,was obtained. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 155, −7.4 ppm.

Example 13 Reaction of Resin I with Mono-Substituted1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino) Ethane

[0273]

[0274] A solution of Cl₂PCH₂CH₂PCl₂ (3.0 g, 12.6 mmol) in 200 mL of THFwas treated slowly with cyclohexylzinc bromide (0.5 M in diethyl ether,12.5 mmol) while stirring at 0° C. for a period of 30 min. before theresulting solution was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight.The resulting mixture of cyclohexyl-substituted diphosphines weretreated slowly with Resin I (2.0 g, 0.72 mmol/g, 1.44 mmol) for 10 min.before Et₃N (0.73 g, 7.2 mmol) was added. The resulting suspension wasstirred at room temperature overnight before the solution was filteredoff. The resin was washed sequentially with hexane (2×30 mL), CH₂Cl₂(3×30 mL), hexane (2×20 mL), and dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122MHz, C₆D₆): δ 155, 120 ppm. Hereafter this will be referred to as ResinVI.

Example 14 Reaction of Resin II with Zr(OCH₂CH₂CH₃)₄

[0275]

[0276] A suspension of Resin II (10 g, 1.24 mmol/g, 12.4 mmol) in 250 mLof THF was treated slowly with Zr(OCH₂CH₂CH₃)₄ (6.7 g, 20.5 mmol). Theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h before thesolution was filtered off and the resin was washed with THF (3×50 mL),H₂O (2×10 mL), hexane (3×30 mL). The polymer-bound—P(OCH₂CH₂CH₃)CH₂CH₂P(OCH₂CH₂CH₃)₂ 10 g, was obtained. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz,C₆D₆): δ 183, 138 ppm.

Example 15 Reaction of Chloromethylated Resin II with Lithium Phenoxide

[0277]

[0278] A resin analogous to Resin II was prepared as follows. To 10 g of2% divinylbenzene cross-linked chloromethylated polystyrene (1.25 mmolof chloromethyl groups per gram) in 300 mL of tetrahydrofuran was addedto a solution of tert-butylamine (14 g, 190 mmol). The reaction mixturewas refluxed overnight and the resin was filtered, washed with H₂O (200mL), tetrahydrofuran (200 mL), hexane (200 mL), H₂O (100 mL), anddiethyl ether (200 mL). The resulting resin was dried in vacuoovernight. The resin was slowly added to a solution of Cl₂PCH₂CH₂PCl₂(7.4 g, 31.9 mmol) and Et₃N (6.5 g, 64.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (300mL) at room temperature, and the resulting mixture was stirred overnightbefore filtration and washing with tetrahydrofuran (2×100 mL), hexane(2×100 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (2×100 mL), and hexane (2×100 mL). The resin wasadded to tetrahydrofuran (150 mL), and then at room temperature treatedwith a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) and lithium phenoxide (62.0mmol). After the mixture was stirred for 4 hr, the solvents werefiltered off and the resulting resin was washed with tetrahydrofuran(3×100 mL), H20 (2×100 mL), and hexane (3×200 mL), dried in vacuo togive ca. 10 g of the title polymer-bound compound.

[0279]³¹P NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 182,137.

Example 16 Reaction of Resin VI with Lithium Phenoxide

[0280]

[0281] A suspension of Resin VI (2 g, ˜0.72 mmol/g, 1.44 mmol) in 100 mLof THF was treated with PhOLi (1.0 M in diethyl ether, 7.2 mmol) at roomtemperature for 2 h before the solution was filtered off. The resultingresin was washed with H₂O (5 mL), THF (2×20 mL) and hexane (2×20 mL).The resin was dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 182,139 ppm.

Combinatorial Syntheses Example 17 Reaction of Resin II with a Mixtureof Grignard Reagents

[0282]

[0283] A suspension of Resin 1 (1.0 g, ˜0.88 mmol/g, 0.88 mmol) in 15 mLof THF was treated slowly with a mixture of n-propylmagnesium bromide(2.0 M in diethyl ether, 0.44 mmol) and 3,5-difluorophenylmagnesiumbromide (0.5 M in diethyl ether, 0.44 mmol) over a period of 5 min. atroom temperature. The resulting suspension was stirred at roomtemperature for 30 min. before the solution was filtered off and theresin was washed with THF (2×20 mL). The procedures above weresuccessively repeated 4 times with the same amount of RMgBr mixturebefore the solution was filtered off and the resin was washed with H₂O(2×3 mL), THF (2×10 mL) and hexane (2×15 mL). After drying in vacuo, apolymer-supported mixture of six components, 1.0 g, was obtained.

[0284] The resulting mixture resin with six components, and EtOH (0.28g, 6.1 mmol) in 5 mL of THF was refluxed overnight. After cooling toroom temperature, the resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×5mL). The combined filtrates were dried in vacuo. By ³¹P-NMR and massspectrum analysis it was shown that the mixture contained 6 compounds.³¹P NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 133.5, −27.4 ppm; 132.8, −16.6 ppm, 132.5,−16.9 ppm (cis- and trans-isomers); 132.1, −8.0 ppm; 120.4, −27.7 ppm;119.3, −17.0 ppm, 119.1, −17.4 ppm (cis- and trans-isomers); 118.1, −8.5ppm.

[0285] A polymer-supported mixture of 936 components (ligands) wasproduced according to the procedure above except that the resin wastreated with a mixture of 12 R_(g)MgX reagents (R_(g)=n-propyl,cyclopentyl, t-butyl, phenyl, 4-t-butyl-phenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl,4-anisole, 3-anisole, 2-anisole, 4-fluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl,3,5-difluorophenyl) instead of 2 R_(g)MgX reagents.

Cleavage of Ligands from the Resin Example 18 Synthesis of1-[di(3,5-diflurophenyl)phosphino]-2-(chloro-3,5-diflurophenylphosphino)ethane

[0286]

[0287] A suspension of Resin II (4.0 g, ˜0.96 mmol/g, 3.84 mmol) in 150mL of THF was treated with 3,5-difluorophenylmagnesium bromide (0.5 M indiethyl ether, 38.4 mmol, 10 eq) at room temperature for 20 min, thenthe mixture was stirred overnight before the solution was filtered off.The resulting resin was washed with THF (2×50 mL), H₂O (20 mL), THF(4×50 mL), and hexane (3×50 mL). The resin was dried in vacuo overnight.The polymer-supported1-[di(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphino]-2-[chloro-3,5-diflurophenylphosphino)ethane,˜4.0 g, was obtained. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 49.2, −7.3 ppm.

[0288] A suspension of the above resin (2.0 g, 0.96 mmol/g, ˜1.92 mmol,)in THF (100 mL) was treated dropwise with PCl₃ (2.64 g, 19.2 mmol)over 5min. at room temperature. The resulting reaction mixture was thenstirred overnight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF(2×20 mL). Removal of solvents and excess PCl₃ in vacuo afforded 0.34 g(38%) of1-[di(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphino]-2-[chloro-3,5-diflurophenylphosphino)ethane.³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): 90.8 (δ, J=29.8 Hz), −9.2 (δ, J=29.9 Hz). ¹HNMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.03 (3H), 6.75 (6H), 2.02 (4H). 13C NMR (125.8MHz, CDCl₃): 164.1, 162.0, 141.9, 140.9, 115.1, 113.4, 106.3, 105.1,32.4, 22.0. HRMS Calcd for C₂₀H₁₃F₆P₂Cl: 464.0085. Found: 464.0075.

Example 19 Synthesis of1-(diphenylphosphinite)-2-(chlorophenylphosphinite)ethane

[0289] Method A:

[0290] A suspension of polymer-bound —P(PhO)CH₂CH₂P(OPh)₂ (from Example15, 0.5 g, 1.25 mmol/g, ˜0.62 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was treated dropwisewith PCl₃ (0.43 g, 3.1 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was thenstirred overnight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF(10 mL). The filtrate was dried in vacuo to remove the solvent andexcess PCl₃, the residue was extracted with 3×20 mL of hexane. Thecombined hexane extracts were dried under reduced pressure to give 0.12g (48% yield) of (PhO)ClPCH₂CH₂P(OPh)₂.

[0291]³¹P NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 199.5 (d, J=16.8 Hz), 178.9 (d, J=16.8Hz) ppm.

[0292] Method B:

[0293] A mixture of polymer-bound -P(PhO)CH₂CH₂P(OPh)₂ (from Example 15,0.5 g, 1.25 mmol/g, ˜0.62 mmol) and TMSCl (10 eq., 6.2 mmol) in THF (20mL) was stirred at room temperature for 4 days before the resin wasfiltered off, the solvent and excess TMSCl were removed in vacuo. Thephosphorus-31 NMR spectrum of the crude filtrate indicated the presenceof the title compound (ca. 90%).

Example 20 Synthesis of1-(diphenylphosphino)-2-(ethoxylphenylphosphinite)ethane

[0294]

[0295] A suspension of polymer-bound —P(Ph)CH₂CH₂P(Ph)₂ prepared as inExample 5 using phenyl magnesium bromide (13.6 g, 0.74 mmol/g, ˜10.1mmol), and EtOH (5 g, 109 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was refluxed overnightbefore the resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×10 mL). Thefiltrate was dried in vacuo to remove the solvent and excess EtOH, theresidue was extracted with 3×20 mL of hexane. The combined hexaneextracts were dried under reduced pressure to give 2.17 g (59% yield) of(Ph)(EtO)PCH₂CH₂P(Ph)₂. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 120.4, −11.6 ppm.

Example 21 Preparation of Catalyst

[0296]

[0297] A flask was charged with 0.50 g of resin prepared as in Example 5using n-propylmagnesium bromide and Resin II, 0.50 g(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) chloride dimer, and 20 mL of methylenechloride. This was allowed to stir at room temperature for 8 h. It wasthen filtered and the product was washed with hexane (2×15 mL), THF(2×10 mL), methylene chloride (2×10 mL), hexane (2×15 mL). To remove allexcess (1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) chloride dimer, the resin was thenwashed in portions with a total of 500 mL of methylene chloride untilthe washings were colorless. The resin was then dried in vacuo.

Example 22 Reaction of Salicylalde and Butyl Acrylate to Form Coumarin

[0298]

[0299] A flask was charged with 0.200 g of the complexed resin ofExample 21, 1.00 g of salicylaldehyde, 2.00 g of butylacrylate, 0.122 gof sodium carbonate, and 5 mL of toluene. This was stirred at 100° C.for 48 h. The reaction mixture was filtered from the catalyst resin andthen divided into two equal portions. The portions were each placed ontoa 20×20 cm, 2000 micron thick silica gel preparatory chromatographyplate, and each plate was eluted with 10% ethyl acetate/hexane solution.

[0300] On each of the plates, six bands were observed with the followingR_(f) values: Band 1, R_(f) range 0.84-0.93; Band 2, R_(f) range0.78-0.84; Band 3, R_(f) range 0.61-0.68; Band 4, R_(f) range 0.50-0.59;Band 5, R_(f) range 0.22-0.43; Band 6, R_(f) range 0.00-0.22. Each bandwas scraped off the plates, and the bands from each with similar R_(f)ranges were combined and extracted with 75 mL of ethylacetate. Solventwas removed from these extracts in vacuo. The final weight from eachband is as follows: Band 1, 40 mg; Band 2, 50 mg; Band 3, 200 mg; Band4, 90 mg; Band 5, 200 mg; Band 6, 110 mg. Proton NMR spectra and massspectra were taken of each sample.

[0301] The product from Band 1 was identified as 2-hydroxybenzoic acidbutyl ester with hydrocarbon impurities. The product from Band 2 wasidentified as essentially pure 2-hydroxybenzoic acid butyl ester. Theproduct from Band 3 was identified as3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-3-oxo-propionic (˜90 mol %). The productfrom Band 4 was identified as a mixture of 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyric acid butyl ester and 2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone in a 1.4:1 moleratio, respectively. The 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-butyric acid butylester was further purified by elution with 1:1 methylene chloride:hexaneon a preparatory silica gel chromatography plate. Two bands werepartially separated. The bottom portion of the band was scraped off theplate and extracted with ethylacetate. Removal of solvent in vacuoyielded pure 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-butyric acid butyl ester. Theproduct from Band 5 was a mixture of coumarin andZ-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid butyl ester in a 1:2 mole ratio,respectively. The products in Band 6 were a complex mixture ofunidentified organic compounds. Based on the amount of startingsalicylaldehyde, the following percent yields of each compound wereobtained: 2-hydroxybenzoic acid butyl ester (3%),3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-3-oxo-propionic acid butyl ester (10%),4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo butyric acid butyl ester (3%),2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone (2%), Z-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-acrylic acidbutyl ester (8%), and coumarin (4%).

Polymer-Supported Synthesis of Diphosphine Monoxide Ligands Method AExample 23 Synthesis of MePH(O)CH₂CH₂PMe₂

[0302] A suspension of polymer-bound (Me)PCH₂CH₂P(Me)₂ (2.0 g, 1.0mmol/g, 2.0 mmol, prepared using the procedure in Example 5 withmethylMgBr) and H₂O (0.60 g, 33.3 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was refluxedovernight, then the resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×10mL). Removal of solvents and excess H₂O from the filtrates by vacuumafforded 100 mg (33% yield) of MePH(O)CH₂CH₂PMe₂. It was >95% pure by ¹HNMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 30.3 (d, J=38.1Hz), −44.5 (d, J_(p-p)=38.1 Hz). ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ30.3 (d, J_(p-H)=457.6 Hz), −44.5 (s). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.00(d, J_(p-H)=457.6 Hz, 1H), 1.83 (m, 3H), 1.58-1.521 (m, 4H), 0.99 (m,6H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 25.4 (d, J_(p-c)=65.9 Hz), 21.8,13.1(d, J_(p-c)=65.7 Hz), 12.6. HRMS: Calcd for C₅H₁₄P₂O(M⁺): 152.0520.Found: 152.0527.

Example 24 Synthesis of EtPH(O)CH₂CH₂PEt₂

[0303] A similar procedure to that described above was used to prepareEtPH(O)CH₂CH₂PEt₂ using polymer-bound EtPCH₂CH₂PEt₂ (2.0 g, 0.96 mmol/g,1.92 mmol, prepared using the procedure in Example 5 with ethylMgBr) andH₂O (0.6 g, 33.3 mmol). After the solvents were removed from thefiltrates by vacuum, 160 mg (43% yield) of EtPH(O)CH₂CH₂PEt₂ wasobtained. It was >95% pure by IH NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃,¹H-decoupled): δ 36.2 (d, J_(p-p)=36.0 Hz), −16.7 (d, J_(p-p)=36.0 Hz).³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ 39.7 (d, J_(p-H)=449.6 Hz),−16.6 (s). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.78 (d, J_(p-H)=449.6 Hz, ¹H),1.79 (m, 4H), 1.63 (m, 1H), 1.35 (m, 3H), 1.15 (m, 3H), 1.00 (m, 6H).¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 24.0 (d, J_(p-c)=62.8 Hz), 20.9 (d,J_(p-c)=65.7 Hz), 18.4, 17.3, 9.3, 5.6. HRMS: Calcd for C₈H₂₀P₂O(M⁺):194.0989. Found: 194.0952.

Example 25 Synthesis of (CH₃CH₂CH₂)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(CH₂CH₂CH₃)₂

[0304] A suspension of polymer-bound (CH₃CH₂CH₂)PCH₂CH₂P(CH₂CH₂CH₃)₂(2.0 g, 0.92 mmol/g, 1.84 mmol, prepared using the procedure in Example5 with n-propylMgBr) and H₂O (0.6 g, 33.3 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasrefluxed overnight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF(2×10 mL). Removal of solvents and excess H₂O from the filtrates byvacuum afforded 170 mg (39% yield) of the title compound. It was >90%pure by IH NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 35.8(d, J_(p-p)=35.3 Hz), −26.3 (d, J_(p-p)=35.3 Hz). ³¹P NMR (121 MHz,CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ 35.8 (d, J_(p-H)=448.6 Hz), −26.3 (s). ¹H NMR (500MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.83 (d, J_(p-H)=448.0 Hz, 1H), 1.78 (m, 4H), 1.61 (m,4H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.35 (m, 6H), 1.02 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.94 (t,J=7.10 Hz, 6H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 29.5 (d, J_(p-c)=65.5 Hz),28.4, 23.9 (d, J_(p-c)=62.8 Hz), 18.3, 17.5, 15.0, 14.8, 14.4. HRMS:Calcd for C₁₁H₂₆P₂O(M⁺): 236.1459. Found: 236.1428.

Example 26 Synthesis of (Me₂CH)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(CHMe₂)₂

[0305] An analogous procedure to that for(CH₃CH₂CH₂)PH(O)—CH₂CH₂P(CH₂CH₂CH₃)₂ was used for the synthesis of titlecompound using polymer-bound (Me₂CH)PCH₂CH₂P(CHMe₂)₂ (10.0 g, 0.92mmol/g, 9.2 mmol, prepared using the procedure in Example 5 withi-propylMgBr) and H₂O (2.0 g, 111.1 mmol). After the solvents wereremoved from filtrates by vacuum, 912 mg (42% yield) of(Me₂CH)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(CHMe₂)₂ was obtained. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR andGC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 46.8 (d, J_(p-p)=40.0Hz), 10.5 (d, J_(p-p)=40.4 Hz). ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ46.8 (d, J_(p-H)=442.3 Hz), 10.5 (s). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.55(d, J_(p-H)=442.3 Hz, 1H), 1.94-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.76-1.65 (m, 4H), 1.51(m, 1H), 1.69-1.10 (m, 6H), 1.04-0.98 (m, 12H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 26.3 (d, J_(p-c)=66.0 Hz), 24.0, 23.0, 18.5, 14.7, 12.8. HRMS:Calcd for C₁₁H₂₆P₂O(M⁺): 236.1459. Found: 236.1448.

Example 27 Synthesis of (Ph)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(Ph)₂

[0306] A suspension of polymer-bound (Ph)PCH₂CH₂P(Ph)₂ (1.5 g, 0.84mmol/g, 1.26 mmol, prepared using the procedure in Example 5 withphenylMgBr) and H₂O (0.5 g, 27.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was refluxedovernight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×5mL). The filtrate was dried in vacuo to remove the solvent and excessH₂O. The resulting residue was 200 mg (47% yield) of(Ph)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(Ph)₂. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR(121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 28.5 (d, J=46.0 Hz), −11.6 (d, J=46.0Hz). ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ 28.5 (d, J_(p-H)=468.9 Hz),−11.6 (s). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.39 (d, J_(p-H)=468.9 Hz, 1H),7.51 (m, 2H), 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.24 (m, 4H), 7.19 (m, 6H),2.16 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 135.4, 135.3,131.2, 130.9, 128.4, 128.3, 127.4, 127.0, 25.0 (d, J_(p-c)=65.6 Hz),17.5. HRMS: Calcd for C₂₀H₂₀P₂O(M⁺): 338.0989. Found: 338.0979.

Example 28 Synthesis of (3,5-F₂H₃C₆)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(3,5-C₆H₃F₂)₂

[0307] A suspension of polymer-bound (3,5-F₂H₃C₆)PCH₂CH₂P(3,5-C₆H₃F₂)₂(1.0 g, 0.77 mmol/g, 0.77 mmol, prepared using the procedure in Example5 with (3,5-difluorophenyl)MgBr) and H₂O (0.60 g, 33.3 mmol) in THF (10mL) was refluxed overnight before the resin was filtered off and washedwith THF (2×5 mL). The filtrate was dried in vacuo to remove the solventand excess H₂O. The resulting residue was 187 mg (54% yield) of(3,5-C₆H₃F₂)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(3,5-C₆H₃F₂)₂. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR andGC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 24.1 (d, J=47.3 Hz),−8.2 (d, J=47.3 Hz). ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ 24.1 (d,J_(p-H)=480.6 Hz), −8.2 (s). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.50 (d,J_(p-H)=480.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.95 (m, 1H), 6.79 (m, 6H),2.19-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.0-1.88 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.4,162.1, 140.3, 134.0, 115.1, 113.0,108.6, 105.4,26.0, 18.8. HRMS: Calcdfor C₂₀H₂₄P₂OF₆(M⁺): 446.0424. Found: 446.0419.

Example 29 Synthesis of (2,4,6-Me₃H₂C₆)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)₂

[0308] A suspension of polymer-bound(2,4,6-Me₃H₂C₆)PCH₂CH₂P(2,4,6-Me₃H₂C₆)₂ (15.0 g, 0.76 mmol/g, 11.4 mmol,prepared using the procedure in Example 5 with(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)MgBr) and H₂O (6.5 g, 361 mmol) in THF (200 mL)was refluxed overnight before the resin was filtered off and washed withTHF (2×50 mL). The filtrate was dried in vacuo to remove the solvent andexcess H₂O. The resulting residue was 2.53 g (48% yield) of(2,4,6-Me₃H₂C₆)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(2,4,6-Me₃H₂C₆)₂. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMRand GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 25.0 (d, J=53.4Hz), −18.1 (d, J=53.4 Hz). ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ 25.0(d, J_(p-H)=470.0 Hz), −18.1(s). ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, C₆D₆, ¹H-coupled): δ20.5 (d, J_(p-H)=470.0 Hz), −18.0 (s). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 7.83(d, J_(p-H)=470.0 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (m, 4H), 6.48 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 4H),2.24 (s, 6H), 2.21 (s, 12H), 2.02 (d, J_(p-c)=3.96 Hz), 1.93 (s, 3H).¹³C NMR (125 MHz, C₆D₆): 6141.9, 141.2, 141.0, 137.4, 136.9, 132.4,132.2, 129.8, 22.7, 22.5, 20.4, 20.3, 19.2,19.0. HRMS: Calcd forC₂₉H₃₈P₂O(M⁺): 464.2398. Found: 464.2395.

Example 30

[0309] A suspension of hydroxymethylpolystyrene-bound(i-C₃H₇)PCH₂CH₂P(i-C₃H₇)₂ (prepared using the procedure in Example 3,followed by reaction with (i-propyl)MgBr as in Example 5), 1.0 g, 0.68mmol/g, 0.68 mmol) and H₂O (0.4 g, 22.2 mmol) in 8 mL of THF wasrefluxed for 3h. The ³¹P NMR spectrum of this crude product indicatedthe presence of (Me₂CH)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(CHMe₂)₂ (˜70%). Removal of solventand excess H₂O afforded 40 mg (25% yield) of the title compound. ³¹P NMR(121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 46.2 (d, J_(p-p)=41.2 Hz), 9.1 (d,J_(p-p)=38.2 Hz).

Example 31

[0310] A suspension of polymer-bound (C₆H₃F₂)PCH₂CH₂P(C₆H₃F₂)₂ (6.0 g,0.77 mm/g, 4.6 mmol, prepared using the procedure in Example 5 with(3,5-difluorophenyl)MgBr) and PCl₃ (5.0 g, 36.4 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasstirred overnight at room temperature before the resin was filtered offand washed with THF (2×5 mL) and hexane (2×10 mL). The combinedfiltrates were dried in vacuo to remove the solvent and excess PCl₃. Theresulting residue was extracted with hexane (3×30 mL). The concentrationof the extracts afforded 1.58 g (74%) of the title compound(C₆H₃F₂)(Cl)PCH₂CH₂P(C₆H₃F₂)₂. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹PNMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 90.8 (d, J==29.8 Hz), −9.2 (d, J=29.9 Hz). ¹HNMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.03 (μ, 3H), 6.76 (μ, 6H), 2.02 (p, 4H), 1.97.¹³C NMR (125 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 164.1, 162.0, 141.9, 140.9, 115.1, 113.4,106.3, 105.1, 32.4, 22.0. HRMS: Calcd for C₂₀H13F₆P₂Cl: 464.0085. Found:464.0075.

[0311] A solution of 50 mg (0.108 mmol) of(C6H₃F₂)(Cl)PCH₂CH₂P(C₆H₃F₂)₂and 0.04 g (2.2 mmol) of H₂O in 10 mL of THF was refluxed overnight.After filtration, the solvent and excess H₂O were removed in vacuo togive 38 mg (79%) of (C₆H₃F₂)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(C₆H₃F₂)₂. It was >95% pure by¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 24.1 (8,J=47.3 Hz), −8.2 (δ, J=47.3 Hz). ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ24.1 (d, J_(p-H)=480.6 Hz), −8.2 (s). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.50(δ, J_(p-H)=480.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.10 (μ, 2H), 6.95 (μ, 1H), 6.79 (μ,6H), 2.19-2.10 (μ, 2H), 2.0-1.88(μ, 2H). ¹³C NMR(125 MHz, CDCl₃): 64.4,162.1, 140.3, 134.0, 115.1, 113.0, 108.6, 105.4, 26.0, 18.8. HRMS: Calcdfor C₂₀H₂₄P₂OF₆(M⁺): 446.0424. Found: 446.0419.

Example 32

[0312] A suspension of polymer-bound (CH₃CH₂CH₂)PCH₂CH₂P(CH₂CH₂CH₃)₂(1.0 g, 0.92 mmol/g, ˜0.92 mmol, prepared using the procedure in Example5 with (n-propyl)MgBr) and MeOH (0.1 g, 3.1 mmol) in THF (5 mL) wasrefluxed overnight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF(2×5 mL). The filtrates were dried in vacuo to remove the solvent andexcess MeOH. The residue was crude (CH₃CH₂CH₂)P(OMe)CH₂CH₂P(CH₂CH₂CH₃)₂.It was directly used for next reaction without further purification. ³¹PNMR (122 MHz, THF-D₈): δ 138.5 (d, J=19.8 Hz), −27.3 (d, J=19.8 Hz). Asolution of (CH₃CH₂CH₂)P(OMe)CH₂CH₂P(CH₂CH₂CH₃)₂ above and 0.1 g (5.6mmol) of H₂O in 1.0 mL of THF was stirred overnight at room temperature.The ³¹P NMR spectrum of this crude product indicated the presence of(CH₃CH₂CH₂)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(CH₂CH₂CH₃)₂ (˜90%). Removal of solvent andexcess H₂O afforded 50 mg (23% yield) of the title compound. It was >90%pure by 1H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, THF-D₈, ¹H-decoupled): δ37.8 (d, J_(p-p)=35.1 Hz), −27.0 (d, J_(p-p)=35.1 Hz). ³¹P NMR (121 MHz,THF-D₈, ¹H-coupled): δ 37.8 (d, J_(p-h)=453.2 Hz), −27.0 (s). ¹H NMR(500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.83 (d, J_(p-h)=448.0 Hz, 1H), 1.78 (m, 4H), 1.61(m, 4H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.35 (m, 6H), 1.02 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.94(t, J=7.10 Hz, 6H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 29.5 (d, J_(p-c)=65.5Hz), 28.4, 23.9 (d, J_(p-c)=62.8 Hz), 18.3, 17.5, 15.0, 14.8, 14.4.HRMS: Calcd for C₁₁H₂₆P₂O(M⁺): 236.1459. Found: 236.1428.

Solution Synthesis of Diphosphine Monoxide Ligands Example 33

[0313] A solution of Cl₂PCH₂CH₂PCl₂ (1.0 g, 4.3 mmol) in 50 mL of THFwas treated with a mixture of Et₂NH (0.63 g, 8.6 mmol) in THF (5 mL)dropwise over a period of 10 min. at room temperature. The resultingsolution was stirred for 2 h before removal of THF in vacuo. The residuewas extracted with hexane (3×30 mL). Removal of the solvents fromextracts gave a mixture of Et₂NP(Cl)CH₂CH₂PCl₂ [ca. 35% by ³¹P NMR, ³¹PNMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 193.4 (d, J_(p-p)=19.8 Hz), 144.6(6, J_(p-p)=18.4 Hz)], Et₂NP(Cl)CH₂CH₂P(Cl)(NEt₂) [ca. 15% by ³¹P NMR,³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 148.5 (s), 148.4 (s)], andunreacted C1₂PCH₂CH₂PCl₂ (ca. 50% by ³¹P NMR, ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃,¹H-decoupled): δ 191.4 (s).].

[0314] A solution of the mixture above was treated with PhMgCl (3 Msolution in THF, 13 mmol) at room temperature over a period of 5 min.,and the resulting solution was stirred for 30 min. before 1.0 mL of H₂Owas used to quench the reaction. After filtration, the solvents wereremoved in vacuo. The residue was extracted with hexane (3×30 mL).Extracts was dried at reduced pressure to give the compounds which wereused directly for the next step without further purification.

[0315] A mixture of the compounds above and H₂O (1.0 g, 55.5 mmol) inTHF (10 mL) was refluxed overnight in a sealed reactor. Afterfiltration, the filtrate was dried in vacuo to give 0.20 g of theresidue. The ³¹P NMR spectrum of this crude reaction mixture indicatedthe presence of PhPH(O)CH₂CH₂PPh₂ (<5%), Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂ (ca. 80%) andtwo compounds (<5%) exhibiting two singlets at δ 27.5, 27.3 ppm.

Synthesis of Polymer-Bound Bisphosphines

[0316]

Example 34

[0317] A solution of n-propylamine (72 g, 1.22 moles) and KI (0.3 g, 2mmol) in 800 mL of THF was treated withchloromethylpolystyrene-divinylbenzene (Merrifield resin, 2% DVB, 100 g,0.72 mmol/g, 72 mmol) while stirring at room temperature for 30 min. Thesuspension was then refluxed for 24 h before the solution was filteredoff. The resulting resin was washed with a mixture of H₂O/THF (20% H₂O,3×250 mL), THF (3×150 mL), hexane (3×200 mL). After drying in vacuoovernight, 100 g of the resin were obtained. The disappearance of ¹Hresonances of polymer-Ph—CH₂—Cl (CH₂=˜4.5 ppm) and the appearance of ¹Hresonances of polymer-Ph—CH₂—NHCH₂CH₂Me indicates the completetransformation of the chloromethyl groups to n-propylaminomethyl groups.

[0318] A solution of resin above (99.0 g, 0.709 mmol/g, 70.1 mmol) in800 mL of THF was treated slowly with Cl₂PCH₂CH₂PCl₂ (7.32 g, 31.58mmol, 0.45 eq) while stirring at room temperature for a period of 30 minbefore Et₃N (35.5 g, 350.8 mmol) was added. The resulting suspension wasstirred at room temperature overnight before the solution was filteredoff. The resin was washed with hexane (2×100 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×100 mL), andhexane (5×100 mL). The resulting resin was dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹PNMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 148.6 ppm. ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, THF-d₈): δ 41.4,31.9, 22.9, 14.0, 11.7 for polymer-supported groups. Thereafter thiswill be referred to as Resin V.

[0319] A suspension of Resin V above (15.5 g, 0.67 mmol/g, 10.4 mmol) in250 mL of THF was treated slowly with phenylmagnesium bromide (1.0 Msolution in diethylether, 112 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirredat room temperature for 2 h before the solution was filtered off and theresin was washed with THF (3×50 mL), H₂O/THF (20% H₂O, 2×50 mL), hexane(3×80 mL). The resulting resin was dried in vacuo overnight to affordpolymer-bound PhPCH₂CH₂PPh. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 62.4 (s, br.)ppm.

Synthesis of Polymer-Bound Bisphosphinites Example 35

[0320] A suspension of Resin V above (2.0 g, 0.99 mmol/g, 1.98 mmol) in20 mL

[0321] of THF was treated with (1 S,2S)-trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol (0.113g, 0.973 mmol) and Et₃N (1.0 g, 9.9 mmol) over a period of 5 min. Theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days before thesolution was filtered off and the resin was washed with THF (3×30 mL),hexane (3×30 mL). The resulting resin was dried in vacuo overnight toafford the polymer-bound chiral bisphosphinite. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 148.2 (s, br.) ppm.

Examples 36A-36M

[0322] Examples 36-A to 36-M were prepared using the procedure inExamples 34-35 with the amines, phosphines, and Grignard reagentsspecified in Table 4A, below. Where no Grignard reagent is specified,the procedure was discontinued at addition of the phosphine. TABLE 4AEx. Amine Phosphine Grignard ³¹PNMR 36-A (n-propyl)- Cl₂PCH₂-(n-butyl)MgBr 61.5 NH₂ CH₂PCl₂ 36-B (n-propyl)- Cl₂PCH₂- (t-butyl)MgBr35.3 NH₂ CH₂PCl₂ 36-C (n-propyl)- Cl₂PCH₂- BrMgCH₂(CH₂)- 35.6 NH₂CH₂PCl₂ ₃CH₂MgBr 36-D (n-propyl)- Cl₂PCH₂- phenylC(CH₃)- 56.2 NH₂CH₂PCl₂ ₂CH₂MgBr 36-E (n-propyl)- Cl₂PCH₂- 4-(t-butyl)- 61.5 NH₂ CH₂PCl₂phenylMgBr 36-F (n-propyl)- Cl₂PCH₂- 2,4,6- 66.0 NH₂ CH₂PCl₂trimethylphenylMgBr 36-G (t-butyl)- Cl₂PCH₂- none 149.3 NH₂ CH₂PCl₂ 36-H(t-butyl)- Cl₂PCH₂- p-chlorophenylMgBr 46.8 NH₂ CH₂PCl₂ 36-I (t-butyl)-Cl₂PCH₂- phenylCH₂CH₂MgBr 49.2 NH₂ CH₂PCl₂ 36-J (t-butyl)- Cl₂PCH₂-i-propylMgBr 62.4 NH₂ CH₂PCl₂ 36-K (t-butyl)- Cl₂PCH₂- phenoxyMgBr 137.1NH₂ CH₂PCl₂ 36-L (cyclohexyl)- Cl₂PCH₂- none 146.0 NH₂ CH₂PCl₂ 36-M(cyclohexyl)- Cl₂PCH₂- BrMgCH₂(CH₂)- 33.7 NH₂ CH₂PCl₂ ₃CH₂MgBr

Cleavage of Bisphosphine Ligands from Resin Example 37 Synthesis of cis-and trans-PhP(Cl)CH₂CH₂P(Cl)Ph

[0323] A suspension of polymer-bound (Ph)PCH₂CH₂P(Ph) from Example 34(14.6 g, 0.29 mmol/g, 4.3 mmol) and PCl₃ (5.0 g, 36.4 mmol) in THF (150mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature before the resin wasfiltered off and washed with hexane (2×10 mL). Removal of solvents andexcess PCl₃ from the filtrates by vacuum afforded 1.3 g (96% yield) ofcis and trans-mixture of (Ph)P(Cl)CH₂CH₂P(Cl)(Ph). It was >95% pure by¹H NMR. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 93.9 (˜45%), 93.3 (˜55%) ppm. HRMS:Calcd for C₁₄H₁₄P₂Cl₂(M⁺): 313.9948. Found: 313.9944.

Example 38 Synthesis of cis- and trans-PhP(H)CH₂CH₂P(H)Ph

[0324] A solution of (Ph)P(Cl)CH₂CH₂P(Cl)(Ph) from Example 37 (cis- andtrans-mixture, 1.0 g, 3.17 mmol) in 15 mL of THF was treated slowly withLiAlH₄ (1.0 M in THF, 3.17 mmol) over a period of 5 min. The resultingmixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h before 1.0 g of H₂O wasadded to quench the reaction. After filtration, the filtrate was driedin vacuo, extracted with hexane (3×20 mL). Removal of solvent fromextracts gave 290 mg (37%) of cis- and trans-PhP(H)CH₂CH₂P(H)Ph. ³¹P NMR(75 MHz, C₆D₆, ¹H-decoupled): δ −45.4 (˜40%), −45.8 (˜₆₀%) ppm. ³¹P NMR(75 MHz, C₆D₆, ¹H-coupled): δ −45.4 (d, J_(p-H)=204.5 Hz), −45.8 (d,J_(p-H)=202.9 Hz). HRMS: Calcd for C₁₄H₁₆P₂(M⁺): 246.0727. Found:246.0730.

Example 39 Synthesis of cis- andtrans-(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)P(Cl)CH₂CH₂P(Cl)(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)

[0325] The procedure used in Example 34 was used to prepare the titlecompound using polymer-bound (2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)PCH₂CH₂P(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂) fromExample 36-F (28.6 g, 0.286 mmol/g, 8.17 mmol) and PCl₃ (14.1 g, 130mmol). After the solvent and excess PCl₃ were removed from filtrates invacuo, 3.05 g (93% yield) of the mixture of cis- and trans-(2,4,6-Me₃H₂C₆)P(Cl)CH₂CH₂P(Cl)(2,4,6-Me₃H₂C₆) was obtained. It was ˜95%pure by ¹H and ³¹P NMR. ³¹P NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 92.3, 91.4 ppm.

[0326] A mixture of cis- andtrans-(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)P(Cl)CH₂CH₂P(Cl)(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂) (1.0 g, 2.5 mmol)was sublimed at 170° C./10⁻⁴ torr conditions overnight. 0.25 g (25%) oftrans-(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)P(Cl)CH₂CH₂P(Cl)(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂) was obtained. Itwas >95% pure by 1H and ³¹P NMR. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 92.0 ppm.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.92 (s, 4H), 2.63 (s, 12H), 2.51 (s, 4H),2.33 (s, 6H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 144.4, 141.6, 130.4, 128.6,28.2, 22.4, 21.0. HRMS: Calcd for C₂oH₂₆P₂Cl₂(M⁺): 398.0887. Found:398.0875.

Example 40 Synthesis of cis- andtrans-(4-ClC₆H₄)P(OMe)CH₂CH₂P(OMe)(4-ClC₆H₄)

[0327] A suspension of polymer-bound (4-ClC₆H₄)PCH₂CH₂P(4-ClC₆H₄) fromExample 36-H (1.5 g, 0.408 mmol/g, 0.61 mmol) and MeOH (0.3 g, 9.38mmol) in 15 mL of THF was refluxed overnight before the resin wasfiltered off and washed with THF (2×5 mL). After the solvent and excessMeOH were removed from filtrates by vacuum, 112 mg (49% yield) of(4-ClC₆H₄)P(OMe)CH₂CH₂P(OMe)(4-ClC₆H₄) was obtained. It was >95% pure by1H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 125.7, 125.5 ppm. ¹H NMR(500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.26 (m, 8H), 3.44 (m, 6H, 2 CH₃), 1.68 (m, 2H),1.60 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 141.6, 137.0, 132.9, 132.2,132.0, 130.9, 130.3, 130.1, 58.3, 29.1. HRMS: Calcd forC₁₆H₁₈P₂O₂C₁₂(M⁺): 374.0159. Found: 374.0163.

Example 41 Synthesis of cis- andtrans-(MeCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂)P(OMe)CH₂CH₂P(OMe)(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Me)

[0328] A suspension of polymer-bound (Cl)PCH₂CH₂P(Cl) (Resin V, 27.0 g,0.48 mmol/g, 13.0 mmol) in 200 mL of THF was treated slowly with anexcess of ClMg(CH₂)₅MgCl (0.5 M in THF, 60 mmol) over a period of 10min. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hbefore the solution was filtered off. The resin was washed with THF(3×10 mL), H₂O/THF (20% H₂O, 2×10 mL), hexane (3×10 mL). The resultingresin was dried in vacuo overnight to afford polymer-boundMe(CH₂)₄PCH₂CH₂P(CH₂)₄Me. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.15 (s, br.) ppm.

[0329] A mixture of polymer-bound Me(CH₂)₄PCH₂CH₂P(CH₂)₄Me (20 g, 0.476mmol/g, 9.52 mmol) and MeOH (0.77 g, 24 mmol) in 200 mL of THF wasrefluxed overnight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF(2×10 mL). The combined filtrates were concentrated in vacuo to afford850 mg (30% yield) of the title compoundsMe(CH₂)₄P(OMe)CH₂CH₂P(OMe)(CH₂)₄Me. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR andGC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 139.4, 139.1 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 3.44 (d, J_(p-H)=10.6 Hz, 6H), 1.78-1.25 (m, 20H), 0.85 (t,J=7.09 Hz, 6H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 56.7, 33.3, 32.7, 26.1,23.7, 22.3, 13.8. HRMS: Calcd for C₁₃H₂₉P₂O₂(M⁺−CH₃): 279.1643. Found:279.1616.

Example 42 Synthesis of cis- andtrans-(—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂)PH(O)CH₂CH₂PH(O)—

[0330]

[0331] A mixture of polymer-bound (—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂)PCH₂CH₂P— (1.0 g,0.327 mmol/g, 0.327 mmol, from Example 36-M) and H₂O (0.5 g, 27.8 mmol)in 5 mL of THF was refluxed overnight before the resin was filtered offand washed with THF (2×5 mL). The combined filtrates were concentratedin vacuo to afford 10 mg (16% yield) of the title compounds. It was >95%pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ36.0, 35.0 ppm. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ 36.0 (d,J_(p-H)=460.1 Hz), 35.0 (d, J_(p-H)=457.1 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃):δ 6.91 (d, J_(p-H)=456.4 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J_(p-H)=465.4 Hz, 1H), 2.07(m, 2H), 1.84-1.76 (m, 3H), 1.57 (m, 2H), 1.37-1.26 (m, 5H), 0.84 (t,J=7.21 Hz, 2H). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 32.7 (t, J=7.0 Hz), 22.1,21.3, 13.7. HRMS: Calcd. for C₇H₁₅P₂O₂(M⁺−H): 193.0547. Found: 193.0557.

Example 43 Synthesis of cis-and trans-(—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂)P(OMe)CH₂CH₂P(OMe)—

[0332] A mixture of polymer-bound (—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂)PCH₂CH₂P— (0.5 g,0.44 mmol/g, 0.22 mmol) and MeOH (0.20 g, 6.3 mmol) in 5 mL of THF wasrefluxed overnight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF(2×5 mL). The combined filtrates were concentrated in vacuo to afford 10mg (21% yield) of the title compounds. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ137.6, 137.4 ppm. HRMS: Calcd. for C₉H₂₀P₂O₂(M⁺): 222.0939. Found:222.0909.

Example 44 Synthesis of [(1S,2S)-trans-1, 2-C₆H₁₀O₂]P(Cl)CH₂CH₂P(Cl)—

[0333]

[0334] A mixture of polymer-bound[(1S,2S)-trans-1,2-OCHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CHO)PCH₂CH₂P— from Example 35 (0.5 g,0.48 mmol/g, 0.24 mmol) and PCl₃ (0.50 g, 3.64 mmol) in 5 mL of THF wasstirred at room temperature overnight before the resin was filtered offand washed with THF (2×5 mL). The combined filtrates were concentratedin vacuo to afford 23 mg (35% yield) of the title compounds. ³¹P NMR(121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 190.9 ppm.

Example 45 Synthesis of (PhCH₂CH₂)PH(O)CH₂CH₂PH(O)(CH₂CH₂Ph)

[0335] A mixture of polymer-bound (PhCH₂CH₂)PCH₂CH₂P(CH₂CH₂Ph) (1.5 g,0.45 mmol/g, 0.675 mmol, from Example 36-1) and H₂O (0.5 g, 27.8 mmol)in 5 mL of THF was refluxed overnight before the resin was filtered offand washed with THF (2×5 mL). The combined filtrates were concentratedin vacuo to afford 65 mg (29% yield) of the title compounds. It was >95%pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 34.0ppm. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled) δ 34.0 (d, J_(p-H)=465.4 Hz).¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.2-7.1 (m, 10H), 6.87 (d, J_(p-H)=465.4 Hz,2H), 2.96-2.87 (m, 4H), 2.18-1.97 (m, 8H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ139.6, 128.8, 128.1, 126.8, 29.6, 27.7, 20.8. HRMS: Calcd. forC₁₈H₂₄P₂O₂(M⁺): 334.1252. Found: 334.1243.

Example 46 Synthesis of cis- and trans-(PhO)P(Ph)CH₂CH₂P(Ph)(PhO)

[0336] A suspension of polymer-bound (Ph)PCH₂CH₂P(Ph) from Example 34(2.0 g, 0.456 mmol/g, 0.913 mmol) and PhOH (0.152 g, 1.615 mmol) in 5 mLof THF was refluxed overnight before the resin was filtered off andwashed with THF (2×10 mL). The combined filtrates were concentrated invacuo to afford 126 mg (36% yield) of the title compounds(Ph)P(OPh)CH₂CH₂P(OPh)(Ph). It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹PNMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 121.8, 121.4 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ7.71-6.99 (m, 20H), 2.34-2.18 (m, 4H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ157.0, 140.9, 129.9, 129.6, 128.7, 122.5, 120.2, 118.8, 115.7, 28.9.HRMS: Calcd. for C₂₆H₂₄P₂O₂(M⁺): 430.1252. Found: 430.1282.

Example 47 Synthesis of cis- andtrans-[3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃O]P(CH₂CMe₂Ph)CH₂CH₂P[3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃O]P(CH₂cMe₂Ph)₂

[0337] A suspension of polymer-bound (PhCMe₂CH₂)PCH₂CH₂P(CH₂CMe₂Ph)₂from Example 36-D (10.0 g, 0.317 mmol/g, 3.17 mmol) and 3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃OH(1.10 g, 4.78 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was refluxed overnight before theresin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×10 mL). The filtrates weredried in vacuo to give 1.2 g (62% yield) of the title compounds. Itwas >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 136.3,135.3 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 7.40-6.84 (m, 16H), 2.15 (m, 1H),1.60 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 1H), 1.36-1.21 (m, 17H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, C₆D₆):δ 158.9, 147.8, 133.2, 133.1, 132.9, 126.6, 126.2, 125.0, 122.8, 118.7,116.6, 115.5, 51.0, 37.1, 31.6, 29.8, 29.7, 28.1. HRMS: Calcd. forC₃₈H₃₆P₂O₂F₁₂(M+): 814.1999. Found: 814.1954.

Example 48 Synthesis of cis- andtrans-(CH₃CH₂CH₂S)P(Ph)CH₂CH₂P(Ph)(SCH₂CH₂CH₃)

[0338] A suspension of polymer-bound (Ph)PCH₂CH₂P(Ph) from Example 34(20.0 g, 0.456 mmol/g, 9.13 mmol) and CH₃CH₂CH₂SH (1.83 g, 23.6 mmol) inTHF (200 mL) was refluxed overnight before the resin was filtered offand washed with THF (2×20 mL). The filtrates were dried in vacuo toremove the solvent and excess CH₃CH₂CH₂SH. The resulting residue was2.69 g (78% yield) of the title compounds. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMRand GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 29.55, 29.52 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz,C₆D₆): δ 7.57 (m, 4H), 7.08-7.03 (m, 6H), 2.46 (m, 4H), 2.20 (m, 4H),1.47 (m, 4H), 0.75 (t, J=7.13 Hz, 6H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 138.1,130.5, 127.6, 126.7, 34.0, 26.0 (m, J_(p-C)=8.75 Hz), 24.1, 12.0. HRMS:Calcd. for C₂₀H₂₉P₂S₂(M⁺+H): 395.1186. Found: 395.1107.

Example 49 Preparation of Dichloro[cis andtrans-1,2-bis[(1-propylthio)-(1-phenyl)phosphino]ethane]Palladium (II)

[0339] A solution of (CH₃CH₂CH₂S)P(Ph)CH₂CH₂P(Ph)(SCH₂CH₂CH₃) fromExample 106 (cis/trans ≈50%, 0.300 g, 0.76 mmol) in 20 mL of CH₂Cl₂ wasadded dropwise to a solution of PdCl₂(COD) (0.217 g, 0.76 mmol) in 25 mLof CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature and the solution was stirred overnight.The resulting reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give solidcompounds. After washed with hexane (2×5 mL) and dried in vacuo, 0.40 g(92% yield) of the title compounds were obtained. Recrystallization fromdichloromethane/hexane (1:1 volume ratio) gives theDichloro[trans-1,2-bis[(1-propylthio)-(1-phenyl)phosphino]ethane]Palladium (II) as yellow crystals. The molecularstructure of [trans-(CH₃CH₂CH₂S)P(Ph)CH₂CH₂P(Ph)(SCH₂CH₂CH₃)][PdCl₂] hasbeen determined by X-ray diffraction. [trans-(CH₃CH₂CH₂S)P(Ph)CH₂CH₂P(Ph)(SCH₂CH₂CH₃)][PdCl₂] is triclinic , P-1 (No. 2),a=11.414(2) Å, b=12.952(2) Å, c=8.221(1) Å, alpha=92.75(1)°,beta=97.25(1)°, gamma=98.10(1)°, T=−100° C., Vol=1190.9 Å³, Z=2, Formulaweight=571.83, Density=1.594 g/cc, μ(Mo)=13.02 cm⁻¹. Anal. Calcd. forC₂₀H₂₈P₂S₂PdCl₂: C, 42.01; H, 4.94; Cl, 12.40. Found: C, 42.55; H, 4.57;Cl, 11.82.

Synthesis of Polymer-Bound Monophosphines Example 50

[0340] A solution of PCl₃ (26 g, 189 mmol) in 400 mL of THF was treatedslowly with Resin I (25 g, 1.21 mmol/g, 30.3 mmol) while stirring atroom temperature for a period of 30 min. before Et₃N (16 g, 157.5 mmol)was added. The resulting suspension was stirred at room temperatureovernight before the solution was filtered off. The resin was washedwith hexane (2×50 mL), CH₂C₁₂ (5×80 mL), and hexane (5×30 mL). Theresulting resin was dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃):δ 179.1 ppm.

[0341] A suspension of the resin above (5.0 g, 1.12 mmol/g, 5.6 mmol) in150 mL of THF was treated slowly with phenylmagnesium bromide (2 Msolution in diethylether, 64 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 30 min. before the solution was filtered off andthe resin was washed with THF (3×50 mL), Me₂CHOH/THF (20% Me₂CHOH, 10mL), hexane (3×30 mL). The resulting resin was dried in vacuo overnightto afford polymer-bound PPh₂. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 52.3 ppm.

Example 51

[0342] A solution of Cl₂PPh (33.8 g, 189 mmol) and Et₃N (16.0 g, 157.5mmol) in 500 mL of THF was treated slowly with Resin I (25.0 g, 1.21mmol/g, 30.3 mmol) while stirring at room temperature for a period of 10min. The resulting suspension was stirred at room temperature overnightbefore the solution was filtered off. The resin was washed with THF (50mL), hexane (3×50 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (4×50 mL), and hexane (2×50 mL). Theresulting resin was dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃):δ 135.4 ppm.

[0343] A suspension of the resin (5.0 g, 1.03 mmol/g, 5.2 mmol) in 150mL of THF was treated slowly with i-propylmagnesium chloride (0.5 Msolution in diethylether, 32.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirredat room temperature for 2 h before the solution was filtered off and theresin was washed with THF (3×10 mL), Me₂CHOH/THF (20% Me₂CHOH, 5 mL),hexane (3×30 mL). The resulting resin was dried in vacuo overnight toafford polymer-bound (i-C₃H₇)PPh. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 55.5 ppm.

Example 52

[0344] Example 52 was performed using the same techniques described inExamples 50 and 51. Results are shown in Table 5A below. TABLE 5A

L Z R₁ R₂ ³¹P NMR 52-A —CH₂— -N(n-propyl)- allyl allyl 56.9 52-B —CH₂—-N(n-propyl)- allyl phenyl 59.4 52-C —CH₂— -N(n-propyl)- chloro chloro161.5 52-D —CH₂— -N(n-propyl)- chloro phenyl 140.3 52-E —CH₂—-N(n-propyl)- phenyl vinyl 60.7 52-F —CH₂— -N(n-propyl)- vinyl vinyl56.1 52-G —CH₂— -N(phenyl)- chloro chloro 156.6 52-H —CH₂— -N(phenyl)-chloro ethyl 149.8 52-I —CH₂— -N(phenyl)- cyclohexyl cyclohexyl 75.252-J —CH₂— -N(phenyl)- chloro phenyl 133.4 52-K —CH₂— -N(phenyl)-isopropyl isopropyl 84.5 52-L —CH₂— -N(t-butyl)- allyl phenyl 44.9 52-M—CH₂— -N(t-butyl)- chloro chloro 179.1 52-N —CH₂— -N(t-butyl)- chlorophenyl 135.4 52-O —CH₂— -N(t-butyl)- ethyl phenyl 48.4 52-P —CH₂—-N(t-butyl)- isopropyl isopropyl 70.4 52-Q —CH₂— -N(t-butyl)- mesitylmesityl 32.9 52-R —CH₂— -N(t-butyl)- mesityl phenyl 42.7 52-S —CH₂—-N(t-butyl)- phenyl vinyl 47.8 52-T —CH₂— -N(t-butyl)- vinyl vinyl 43.852-U —CH₂— -N(t-butyl)- H phenyl 14.5

Cleavage of Ligands from the Polymer-Supported Monophosphines Example 53Synthesis of ClPPh₂

[0345] A suspension of polymer-bound PPh₂ from Example 50 (1.25 g, 0.98mmol/g, 1.23 mmol) and PCl₃ (0.66 g, 4.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasstirred overnight at room temperature before the resin was filtered offand washed with THF (2×10 mL). Removal of solvents and excess PCl₃ fromthe filtrates by vacuum afforded 110 mg (41% yield) of crude ClPPh₂, ofwhich the ¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P NMR spectra obtained matched exactly those forauthentic sample. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 83.4 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 7.49-7.46 (m, 4H), 7.31-7.26 (m, 6H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 138.8 (d, J_(p-c)=32.6 Hz), 131.7 (d, J_(p-c)=24.5 Hz), 130.4,128.6 (d, J_(p-c)=6.91 Hz). HRMS: Calcd. for C₁₂H₁₀PCl(M⁺): 220.0209.Found: 220.0216.

Example 54 Synthesis of ClPCy₂

[0346] A suspension of polymer-bound PCy₂ from Example 52 (1.0 g, 1.1mmol/g, 1.1 mmol) and PCl₃ (0.66 g, 4.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirredovernight at room temperature before the resin was filtered off andwashed with THF (2×5 mL). Removal of solvents and excess PCl₃ from thefiltrates by vacuum afforded 208 mg (82% yield) of crude ClPCy₂, ofwhich the ¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P NMR spectra obtained matched exactly those forauthentic sample. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 128.8 ppm. ¹H NMR (500MHz, CDCl₃): δ 1.74 (m, 12H), 1.20 (m, 10H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ38.4 (d, J_(p-c)=31.4 Hz), 27.8 (d, J_(p-c)=11.5 Hz), 26.9 (d,J_(p-c)=9.53 Hz), 26.4.

Example 55 Synthesis of CH₃CH₂CH₂SPPh₂

[0347] A suspension of polymer-bound PPh₂ from Example 50 (1.25 g, 0.98mmol/g, 1.23 mmol) and CH₃CH₂CH₂SH (0.37 g, 4.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasrefluxed overnight in a sealed reactor before the resin was filtered offand washed with THF (2×10 mL). After the solvent and excess CH₃CH₂CH₂SHwere removed from filtrates by vacuum, 200 mg (62% yield) ofCH₃CH₂CH₂SPPh₂ was obtained. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹PNMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 28.8 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.45 (m,4H), 7.21 (m, 6H), 2.62 (m, 2H), 1.59 (m, 2H), 0.86 (t, J=7.24 Hz, 3H).¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 138.3, 132.4, 129.1, 128.3, 35.7, 25.0,13.2. HRMS: Calcd. for C₁₅H₁₇PS(M⁺): 260.0789. Found: 260.0793.

Example 56 Synthesis of ClP(Ph)CH═CH₂

[0348] A suspension of polymer-bound P(Ph)CH═CH₂ from Example 52-E (1.0g, 0.94 mmol/g, 0.94 mmol) and PCl₃ (0.66 g, 4.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL)was stirred overnight at room temperature before the resin was filteredoff and washed with THF (2×10 mL). Removal of solvents and excess PCl₃from the filtrates by vacuum afforded 127 mg (79% yield) of crudeClP(Ph)CH═CH₂. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 79.9 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 7.59-7.35 (m, 5H), 6.58 (m, 1H), 5.91 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (125MHz, CDCl₃): δ 139.3, 138.3, 131.7, 130.9, 130.0, 128.9. HRMS: Calcd.for C₈H₈PCl(M⁺): 170.0052. Found: 170.0041.

Example 57 Synthesis of EtOP(CHMe₂)

[0349] A suspension of polymer-bound P(CHMe₂)₂ from Example 51 (1.25 g,1.06 mmol/g, 1.32 mmol, ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 70.4 ppm) and EtOH(0.22 g, 4.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was refluxed overnight before theresin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×10 mL). After the solventswere removed from filtrates by vacuum, 55 mg (26% yield) of EtOP(CHMe₂)was obtained. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 151.4 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 3.71 (m, 2H), 1.15 (m,3H), 1.00 (m, 12H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 67.9, 27.8, 17.7, 16.9.HRMS: Calcd. for C₈H₁₉PO(M⁺): 162.1174. Found: 162.1175.

Example 58 Synthesis of CH₃CH₂CH₂SP(CHMe₂)₂

[0350] An analogous procedure to that for EtOP(CHMe₂) was used for thesynthesis of title compound using polymer-bound P(CHMe₂)₂ from Example51 (1.25 g, 1.06 mmol/g, 1.32 mmol) and CH₃CH₂CH₂SH (0.37 g, 4.8 mmol).After the solvents were removed from filtrates by vacuum, 250 mg (98%yield) of CH₃CH₂CH₂SP(CHMe₂) was obtained. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMRand GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 65.7 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 2.48 (m, 2H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.07 (m, 12H), 0.90(t, J=7.33 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 36.3, 25.1, 19.2, 18.2,12.9.

Example 59 Synthesis of (Me₂CH)PH(O)(CHMe₂)

[0351] A suspension of polymer-bound P(CHMe₂)₂ from Example 51 (1.25 g,1.06 mmol/g, 1.32 mmol) and H₂O (0.1 g, 4.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasrefluxed overnight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF(2×5 mL). The filtrate was dried in vacuo to remove the solvent andexcess H₂O. The resulting residue was 50 mg (28% yield) of(Me₂CH)PH(O)(CHMe₂). It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 56.9 ppm. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃,¹H-coupled): δ 24.1 (d, J_(p-H)=429.7 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ6.30 (d, J_(p-H)=434.1 Hz, 1H), 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.15 (m, 12H). ¹³C NMR(125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 25.0 (d, J_(p-C)=63.9 Hz), 16.0, 14.8. HRMS: Calcd.for C₆H₁₅PO(M⁺): 134.0861. Found: 134.0856.

Example 60 Synthesis of CH₃CH₂CH₂SP(Ph)(2,4,6-Me₃H₂C₆)

[0352] A suspension of polymer-bound PPh(2,4,6-Me₃H₂C₆) from Example52-R (1.25 g, 0.95 mmol/g, 1.18 mmol, ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 42.7ppm) and CH₃CH₂CH₂SH (0.37 g, 4.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was refluxedovernight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×5mL). The filtrate was dried in vacuo to remove the solvent and excessCH₃CH₂CH₂SH. The resulting residue was 350 mg (98% yield) ofCH₃CH₂CH₂SP(Ph)(2,4,6-Me₃H₂C₆). It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS.³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 20.6 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.31(m, 2H), 7.13 (m, 3H), 6.79 (s, 2H), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 6H), 2.17(s, 3H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J=7.31 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 144.0, 140.9, 140.2, 132.0, 129.7, 129.4, 128.2, 127.1, 38.0,25.5, 23.3, 21.2, 13.4. Calcd for C₁₈H₂₃Ps(M⁺): 302.1258. Found:302.1266.

Example 61 Synthesis of (2,4,6-Me₃H₂C₆)PH(O)(Ph)

[0353] Scale-up preparation was carried out using the followingprocedure. A suspension of polymer-bound P(Ph)Cl from Example 52 (15.0g, 1.03 mmol/g, 15.4 mmol) in 200 mL of THF was treated with Me₃C₆H₂MgCl(98 mmol, 2M solution in THF) over a period of 10 min. The resultingmixture was stirred for an additional 2 h at ambient temperature beforethe solution was filtered off and the resin was washed with THF (3×20mL), Hexane (3×20 mL), Me₂CHOH (2×15 mL), Hexane (2×20 mL). A suspensionof the resin above (ca. 15 g) and H₂O (3.6 g, 200 mmol) in 200 of THFwas refluxed overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, andthe resulting resin was filtered off and washed with Hexane (2×20 mL).The filtrates were evaporated to dryness and the residue was sublimed at150° C./10⁻⁴ torr conditions to afford 2.0 g (53% yield) of the titlecompound. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 18.0. ³¹P NMR (121MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ 18.0 (d, J_(P-H)=512.1 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 8.55 (d, J_(P-H)=512.1 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.48 (m, 1H),7.35 (m, 2H), 6.80 (d, J_(P-C)=4.0 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 2.23 (s, 3H).¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 144.8, 143.3, 133.5, 131.5, 131.0, 129.5,128.0, 120.7, 22.1, 21.9. HRMS: Calcd. for C₁₅H₁₇PO(M⁺): 244.1017.Found: 244.1015. Anal. Calcd. for C₉H₁₃PO: C, 73.76; H, 7.01; P, 12.68.Found: C, 73.66; H, 6.92; P, 12.70.

Example 62 Synthesis of CH₃CH₂CH₂SP(Ph)(CHMe₂)

[0354] A suspension of polymer-bound PPh(CHMe₂) from Example 51 (1.25 g,1.02 mmol/g, 1.28 mmol, ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 55.5 ppm) andCH₃CH₂CH₂SH (0.37 g, 4.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was refluxed overnightbefore the resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×5 mL). Thefiltrate was dried in vacuo to remove the solvent and excessCH₃CH₂CH₂SH. The resulting residue was 280 mg (97% yield) ofCH₃CH₂CH₂SP(Ph)(CHMe₂). It was >95% pure by 1H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR(121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 45.2 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.55 (m, 2H),7.28 (m, 3H), 2.58 (m, 2H), 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.04 (m, 2H),0.97-0.81 (m, 9H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 138.1, 132.0, 131.1,128.2, 35.6, 34.5, 29.6, 19.0, 13.0. Calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉PSO(M⁺): 242.0894.Found: 242.0883.

Example 63 Synthesis of (Me₂CH)PH(O)(Ph)

[0355] A suspension of polymer-bound PPh(CHMe₂) from Example 51 (1.25 g,1.02 mmol/g, 1.28 mmol, ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 55.5 ppm) and H₂O(0.1 g, 4.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was refluxed overnight before the resinwas filtered off and washed with THF (2×5 mL). The filtrate was dried invacuo to remove the solvent and excess H₂O. The resulting residue was 80mg (37% yield) of (Me₂CH)PH(O)(Ph). It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR andGC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 47.8. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz,CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ 47.8 (d, J_(P-H)=487.7 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 7.44-7.53 (m, 5H), 7.25 (d, JP-H=487.5 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (m, 1H),1.12 (m, 6H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 133.8, 131.1, 129.4, 125.4,28.0, 14.7. HRMS: Calcd for C₉H₁₃PO(M+): 168.0704. Found: 168.0704.

Synthesis of Polymer-Bound Bidentate Ligands Example 64 Polymer-BoundP(Ph)CH₂CH₂P(Ph)₂

[0356] A suspension of polymer-bound P(Ph)CH=CH₂ from Example 52-E (1.0g, 0.94 mmol), Ph₂PH (2.1 g, 11.3 mmol) and NaO-tBu (0.1 g, 1.0 mmol) in10 mL of THF was refluxed overnight before the solution was filteredoff. The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×50 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×80mL), Me₂CHOH (2×5 mL) and hexane (5×30 mL). The resin was dried in vacuoovernight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 62.7, −11.3 ppm.

Example 65 Polymer-Bound P(Ph)CH₂CH₂P(Ph)Me

[0357] A suspension of polymer-bound P(Ph)CH═CH₂ from Example 52-S (1.7g, 1.76 mmol, 1.04 mm/g), Ph(Me)PH (2.0 g, 14.5 mmol) and NaO-tBu (0.1g, 1.0 mmol) in 10 mL of THF was refluxed overnight before the solutionwas filtered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×50 mL),CH₂Cl₂ (5×80 mL), Me₂CHOH (2×5 mL) and hexane (5×30 mL). The resin wasdried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): 845.8, −31.7 ppm.

Example 66 Polymer-Bound 1-P(Ph)-2-C₆H₄OMe

[0358] A suspension of polymer-bound P(Ph)Cl from Example 52-D (2.0 g,1.86 mmol, 0.93 mm/g), and 1,2-MeOC₆H₄MgBr (15.0 mmol, 0.5 M in THFsolution) in 10 mL of THF was refluxed over 2 h before the solution wasfiltered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL),CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin wasdried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 57.3 ppm.

Example 67 Polymer-Bound 1-P(Ph)-2,4-C₆H₃(OMe)₂

[0359] A suspension of polymer-bound P(Ph)CI Example 52-D (2.0 g, 1.86mmol, 0.93 mm/g), and 1,2,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃MgBr (15.0 mmol, 0.5 M in THFsolution) in 10 mL of THF was refluxed over 2 h before the solution wasfiltered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL),CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin wasdried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 56.1 ppm.

Example 68 Polymer-Bound 1-P(Ph)-3-C₆H₄OMe

[0360] A suspension of polymer-bound P(Ph)CI Example 52-N (0.8 g, 0.88mmol, 0.95 mm/g), and 1,3-MeOC₆H₄MgBr (4.0 mmol, 0.5 M in THF solution)in 10 mL of THF was stirred at room temperature over 2 h before thesolution was filtered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane(2×10 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). Theresin was dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 52.8 ppm

Example 69 Polymer-Bound 1-P(Ph)-2-C₆H₄SMe

[0361] A suspension of polymer-bound P(Ph)Cl Example 52-D (2.0 g, 1.86mmol, 0.93 mm/g), and 1,2-MeSC₆H₄Znl (15.0 mmol, 0.5 M in THF solution)in 10 mL of THF was refluxed overnight before the solution was filteredoff. The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×10mL), Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin was dried in vacuoovernight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 56.9 ppm.

Example 70 Polymer-Bound 1-P(Ph)-8-N,N-Dimethylnaphthylamine

[0362] A solution of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (2.04 g, 17.6mmol) in 15 mL of hexane was treated with n-butyllithium (9.28 mmol, 1.6M solution in Hexane) dropwise over a period of 5 min, the solution wasstirred an additional 15 min before N,N-dimethyl-1-naphthylamine (4.0 g,23.4 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight before a polymer-bound P(Ph)Cl Example 52-D (1.0g, 0.93 mmol, 0.93 mm/g) was added to the reaction mixture. Theresulting suspension was stirred overnight before solution was filteredoff and resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL),Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin was dried in vacuoovernight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 65.0 ppm.

Example 71 Polymer-Bound P(Ph)-2-(R)-N,N-Dimethyl-1′-Ferrocenylethylamine

[0363] A solution of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (0.22 g, 1.89mmol) in 5 mL of hexane was treated with n-butyllithium (1.28 mmol, 1.6M solution in Hexane) dropwise over a period of 5 min, the solution wasstirred an additional 15 min before(R)-(+)-N,N-dimethyl-l-ferrocenylethylamine (0.5 g, 1.89 mmol) wasadded. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnightbefore a polymer-bound P(Ph)Cl (0.5 g, 0.466 mmol, 0.93 mm/g, Example52-D) was added to the reaction mixture. The resulting suspension wasstirred overnight before solution was filtered off and resin was washedwith hexane (2×10 mL), CH₂CI₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10mL). The resin was dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ52.5 ppm.

Example 72 Polymer-Bound P(Et)-2-(R)-N,N-Dimethyl-1′-Ferrocenylethylamine

[0364] A similar procedure to those described above was used tosynthesize the title compound using N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine(0.80 g, 6.88 mmol), n-butyllithium (4.8 mmol, 1.6 M solution inHexane), (R)-(+)-N,N-dimethyl-1-ferrocenylethylamine (1.5 g, 5.66 mmol)and a polymer-bound P(Et)Cl from Example 52-H (2.3 g, 2.16 mmol, 0.94mm/g). ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 35.4 ppm.

Example 73 Polymer-Bound P(Ph)-2-C₄H₃S

[0365] A suspension of polymer-bound P(Ph)CI from Example 52-N (0.8 g,0.82 mmol, 1.03 mm/g), and 2-thienyllithium (5.0 mmol, 2 M in THFsolution) in 10 mL of THF was stirred at room temperature over 2 hbefore the solution was filtered off. The resulting resin was washedwith hexane (2×10 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10mL). The resin was dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ37.0 ppm.

Example 74 Polymer-Bound P(Ph)-2-C₃H₂SN

[0366] A suspension of polymer-bound P(Ph)CI from Example 52-D (2.0 g,1.86 mmol, 0.93 mm/g), and 2-thiazolezinc bromide (15.0 mmol, 0.5 M inTHF solution) in 10 mL of THF was refluxed overnight before the solutionwas filtered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL),CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin wasdried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 56.2 ppm.

Example 75 Polymer-Bound P(Ph)-2-C₅H₄N

[0367] A suspension of polymer-bound P(Ph)Cl from Example 52-D (3.0 g,2.79 mmol, 0.93 mm/g), and 2-pyridylmagnesium bromide (15 mmol, 0.5 M inTHF solution) in 20 mL of THF was stirred at room temperature overnightbefore the solution was filtered off. The resulting resin was washedwith hexane (2×10 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10mL). The resin was dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ63.4 ppm.

Example 76 Polymer-Bound P(Ph)CH₂CH₂PPh₂ by Hydrophosphinations

[0368] A suspension of polymer-bound N(CH₂CH₂Me)P(Ph)H from Example 52-U(0.8 g, 0.80 mmol, 1.0 mm/g) and diphenylvinylphosphine (1.5 g, 7.06mmol) in 20 mL of toluene was refluxed overnight before the solution wasfiltered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL),CH₂CI₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin wasdried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 62.7, −11.4 ppm.

Example 77 Polymer-Bound P(Ph)CH₂CH₂SPh

[0369] A suspension of polymer-bound N(Ph)P(Ph)CH=CH₂ from Example 52-J(2.0 g, 2.0 mmol, 1.0 mm/g) and EtS-SEt (1.0 g, 8.18 mmol) in 20 mL ofTHF was refluxed for 2 days before the solution was filtered off. Theresulting resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL),Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin was dried in vacuoovernight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 70.9 ppm.

Cleavage of Bidentate Ligands from Resin Example 78 Synthesis ofPhP(Cl)CH₂CH₂PPh₂

[0370] A suspension of polymer-bound PhPCH₂CH₂PPh₂ (1.0 g, 0.80 mmol,prepared as in Example 5 using n-propylamine and phenylMgBr, 3 1p NMR62.7, −11.3 ppm) and PCI₃ (0.75 g, 5.46 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirredovernight at room temperature before the resin was filtered off andwashed with THF (2×10 mL). Removal of solvents and excess PCI₃ from thefiltrates by vacuum afforded 160 mg (56% yield) of crudePhP(CI)CH₂CH₂PPh₂. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202MHz, CDCl₃): δ 93.9 (d, J=30.2 Hz), −11.8 (d, J=30.4 Hz) ppm. ¹H NMR(500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.53-7.16 (m, 15H), 2.05 (m, 4H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 138.0, 137.7, 132.9, 131.2, 131.0, 129.1, 128.9, 128.7, 32.8,22.5. HRMS: Calcd. for C₂₀H₁₉P₂CI(M⁺): 356.0651. Found: 356.0650.

Example 79 Synthesis of PhPH(O)CH₂CH₂PMe(Ph)

[0371] A suspension of polymer-bound PhPCH₂CH₂PMe(Ph) (1.0 g, 0.92 mmol,prepared as in Example 65, ³¹P NMR 47.9, −31.2 ppm) and H₂O (0.75 g,41.7 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was refluxed overnight before the resin wasfiltered off and washed with THF (2×10 mL). Removal of solvents andexcess H₂O from the filtrates by vacuum afforded 100 mg (39% yield) ofcrude PhPH(O)CH₂CH₂PMe(Ph). It was >95% pure by IH NMR and GC/MS. ³¹PNMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 29.2 (d, J=38.1 Hz), −30.0 (d, J=38.1 Hz); 29.0(d, J=38.6 Hz), −30.3 (d, J=38.7 Hz) ppm. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃,¹H-coupled): δ 29.1 (d, J_(P-H)=440.4 Hz), −30.0; 29.1(d, J_(P-H)=440.4Hz), −30.3 ppm.

Example 80 Synthesis of 1-PhP(Cl)-2-MeOC₆H₄

[0372] A suspension of polymer-bound 1-PPh-2-MeOC₆H₄ (2.0 g, 0.873mmol/g, 1.746 mmol, prepared as in Example 66, ³¹P NMR 57.3) and PCl₃(1.3 g, 9.49 mmol) in 15 mL of THF was stirred overnight at roomtemperature before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×10mL). Removal of solvents and excess PCl₃ from the filtrates by vacuumafforded 325 mg (74% yield) of crude 1-PhP(Cl)-2-MeOC₆H₄. It was >95%pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 78.3 ppm. ¹H NMR(500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.45 (m, 3H), 7.22 (m, 4H), 6.91 (m, 1H), 6.68 (m,1H), 3.54 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 160.5, 139.0, 132.2,131.7, 131.6, 130.4, 128.5, 126.3, 121.5, 110.8, 55.9. HRMS: Calcd. forC₁₃Hl₂PClO(M+): 250.0314. Found: 250.0311.

Example 81 Synthesis of 1-PhP(Cl)-2,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃

[0373] A suspension of polymer-bound 1-PPh-2,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃ (2.0 g, 0.85mmol/g, 1.70 mmol, prepared as in Example 57, ³¹P NMR 56.1) and PCl₃(1.3 g, 9.49 mmol) in 15 mL of THF was stirred overnight at roomtemperature before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×10mL). Removal of solvents and excess PCl₃ from the filtrates by vacuumafforded 450 mg (94% yield) of crude 1-PhP(Cl)-2,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃. Itwas >95% pure by IH NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 78.8 ppm.¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.22 (m, 4H), 6.38 (m, 1H),6.27 (m, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 3H). 1³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ163.4, 162.0, 139.0, 133.2, 131.5, 129.9, 128.2, 117.4, 105.7, 98.3,55.7, 55.3. HRMS: Calcd. for C₁₄H₁₄PClO₂(M⁺): 280.0420. Found: 280.0421.

Example 82 Synthesis of 1-PhP(Cl)-3-MeOC₆H₄

[0374] A suspension of polymer-bound 1-PPh-3-MeOC₆H₄ (0.8 g, 0.95mmol/g, 0.76 mmol, prepared as in Example 58, ³¹P NMR 52.8) and PCl₃(0.56 g, 4.1 mmol) in 15 mL of THF was stirred overnight at roomtemperature before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×10mL). Removal of solvents and excess PCl₃ from the filtrates by vacuumafforded 80 mg (42% yield) of crude 1-PPh(Cl)-3-MeOC₆H₄. It was >95%pure by IH NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 83.3 ppm. ¹H NMR(500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.05 (m, 2H), 7.30 (m, 3H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.06 (m,2H), 6.83 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 159.8,140.4, 139.0, 132.0, 130.6, 129.9, 128.8, 124.1, 117.1, 116.4, 55.5.HRMS: Calcd for C₁₃H₁₂PClO(M⁺): 250.0314. Found: 250.0322.

Example 83 Synthesis of 2-PhP(Cl)C₄H₃S

[0375] A suspension of polymer-bound 2-PhPC₄H₃S (0.8 g, 0.98 mmol/g,0.78 mmol, from Example 73, ³¹P NMR 37.0) and PCl₃ (0.56 g, 4.1 mmol) in10 mL of THF was stirred overnight at room temperature before the resinwas filtered off and washed with THF (2×10 mL). Removal of solvents andexcess PCl₃ from the filtrates by vacuum afforded 80 mg (45% yield) ofcrude 2-PhP(Cl)C₄H₃S. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202MHz, CDCl₃): δ 66.8 ppm. IH NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.67-7.61 (m, 3H),7.43 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 3H), 7.03 (m, 1H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ140.9, 138.4, 136.6, 134.2, 130.8, 130.3, 128.4, 127.7. HRMS: Calcd. forClOH₈PClSO(M⁺): 241.9722. Found: 241.9739.

Synthesis of Polymer-Bound Tridentate Ligands Example 84 Polymer-BoundP(CH₂CH₂PPh₂)₂

[0376] A suspension of polymer-bound P(CH=CH₂)₂ (2.0 g, 0.985 mm/g, 1.97mmol, from Example 52-F), Ph₂PH (5.5 g, 29.6 mmol) and NaO-tBu (0.1 g,1.0 mmol) in 15 mL of THF was refluxed overnight before the solution wasfiltered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL),CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (2×5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin wasdried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 65.6, −12.0 ppm.

Example 85 Polymer-Bound P[CH₂CH₂P(Ph)Me]₂

[0377] A suspension of polymer-bound P(CH═CH₂)₂ (1.0 g, 0.985 mmol, fromExample 52-F), Ph(Me)PH (1.5 g, 10.9 mmol) and NaO-tBu (0.05 g, 0.5mmol) in 10 mL of THF was refluxed overnight before the solution wasfiltered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL),CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (2×5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin wasdried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 64.8, −31.5 ppm.

Example 86 Polymer-Bound P(C₄H₃O)(Br)

[0378] A solution of furan (7.0 g, 102.8 mmol) and PBr₃ (25.0 g, 92.4mmol) in 30 ml of pyridine was refluxed over 5 h before the resultingmixture was cooled to room temperature and 100 mL of hexane was added.This crude products exhibit a single ³¹P NMR peak at 103.5 ppm. Afterfiltered off the solids, the hexane was removed from the filtrate byvacuum, a polymer-bound NH(CH₂CH₂Me) prepared as in Example 1 (10 g,11.0 mmol, 1.1 mm/g) was added to the solution above. The resultingsuspension was stirred overnight before the solution was filtered off.The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×30 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×30 mL),THF (2×30 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin was dried in vacuoovernight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 113.1 ppm.

Example 87 Polymer-Bound P(C₄H₃O)(C₄H₃S)

[0379] A suspension of polymer-bound P(C₄H₃O)(Br) from Example 86 (1.0g, ˜1.0 mmol) in 15 mL of THF was treated slowly with 2-thienyllithium(10.0 mmol, 1.0 M solution in THF) over a period of 5 min. The resultingmixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature before the solution wasfiltered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL),CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (2×5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin wasdried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 28.4 ppm.

Example 88 Polymer-Bound P(C₅H₄N)₂

[0380] A suspension of polymer-bound PCl₂ (2.0 g, 0.968 mm/g, 1.94 mmol,from Example 52-C) in 15 mL of THF was treated slowly with 2-pyridylzincbromide (15 mmol, 0.5 M solution in THF) over a period of 5 min. Theresulting mixture was refluxed overnight before the solution wasfiltered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL),CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (2×5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin wasdried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 59.0 ppm.

Example 89 Polymer-Bound P(2-C₆H₄SMe)₂

[0381] A suspension of polymer-bound PCl₂ (2.0 g, 0.968 mm/g, 1.94 mmol,from Example 52-C) in 15 mL of THF was treated slowly with2-(thiomethyl)phenylzinc iodide (15 mmol, 0.5 M solution in THF) over aperiod of 5 min. The resulting mixture was refluxed overnight before thesolution was filtered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane(2×10 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (2×5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). Theresin was dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 49.6ppm.

Example 90 Polymer-Bound P(2-C₆H₄OMe)₂

[0382] A suspension of polymer-bound PCl₂ (2.0 g, 0.968 mm/g, 1.94 mmol,from Example 52-C) in 15 mL of THF was treated slowly with2-methoxy-phenylmagnesium bromide (15 mmol, 0.5 M solution in THF) overa period of 5 min. The resulting mixture was refluxed for 3 h before thesolution was filtered off. The resulting resin was washed with hexane(2×10 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL), Me₂CHOH (2×5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). Theresin was dried in vacuo overnight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 48.5ppm.

Example 91 Polymer-Bound P(8-C₁₀H₆NMe₂)₂

[0383] A solution of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (2.1 g, 18.1mmol) in mL of hexane was treated with n-butyllithium (12.8 mmol, 1.6 Msolution in Hexane) dropwise over a period of 5 min, the solution wasstirred an additional 15 min before N,N-dimethyl-1-naphthylamine (5.0 g,29.2 mmol) was added to the reaction solution. The resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature overnight before a polymer-bound PCl₂ (1.0g, 0.97 mmol, from Example 52-C) was added to the reaction mixture. Theresulting suspension was stirred overnight before solution was filteredoff and resin was washed with hexane (2×10 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×10 mL),Me₂CHOH (5 mL) and hexane (5×10 mL). The resin was dried in vacuoovernight. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 70.0 ppm.

Cleavage of Tridentate Ligands from Resin Example 92 Synthesis ofPh₂PCH₂CH₂PH(O)CH₂CH₂PPh₂

[0384] A suspension of polymer-bound P(CH₂CH₂PPh₂)₂ (1.0 g, 0.72 mmol,from Example 84) and H₂O (0.5 g, 27.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was refluxedovernight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×10mL). Removal of solvents and excess H₂O from the filtrates by vacuumafforded 127 mg (37% yield) of crude Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PH(O)CH₂CH₂PPh₂. Itwas >95% pure by IH NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 36.4 (dd,J=43.5 Hz), −11.7 (d, J=43.5 Hz) ppm. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃,¹H-coupled): δ 36.2 (d, J_(P-H)=455.3 Hz), −11.7 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 7.68-7.19 (m, 20H), 6.81 (d, J_(P-H)=452.6 Hz, 1H), 2.50-1.73(m, 8H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 136.9, 132.7, 131.5, 128.8, 24.3,19.5.

Example 93 Synthesis of PhP(Me)CH₂CH₂PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(Me)Ph

[0385] A suspension of polymer-bound P[CH₂CH₂P(Me)Ph]₂ (1.0 g, 0.79mmol, from Example 85) and H₂O (0.4 g, 22.2 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasrefluxed overnight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF(2×10 mL). Removal of solvents and excess H₂O from the filtrates byvacuum afforded 200 mg (72% yield) of crudePhP(Me)CH₂CH₂PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(Me)Ph. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS.³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 37.2 (t, J=36.1 Hz), −30.2 (dd, ³J=36.3 Hz,⁶J=4.7 Hz, ⁶J=4.4 Hz), −30.5 (dd, ³J=36.3 Hz, ⁶J=3.2 Hz, ⁶J=3.6 Hz )ppm. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ 37.2 (d, J_(P-H)=454.7 Hz),−30.2 (d, J=36.5 Hz), −30.5 (d, J=37.1 Hz) ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃):δ 7.39-7.17 (m, 10H), 6.72 (d, J_(P-H)=453.8 Hz, 1H), 1.79-1.65 (m, 8H),1.26 (s, 6H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 137.9, 131.4, 128.9, 128.3,23.9, 21.6, 10.8. HRMS: Calcd. for C₁₈H₂₅P₃O₃(MO₂+): 382.1017. Found:382.0954.

Example 94 Synthesis of C₄H₃O-PH(O)-C₄H₃S

[0386] A suspension of polymer-bound P(C₄H₃O)(C₄H₃S) (0.6 g, 0.54 mmol,0.899 mm/g, from Example 87) and H₂O (0.5 g, 27.7 mmol) in THF (10 mL)was refluxed overnight before the resin was filtered off and washed withTHF (2×10 mL). Removal of solvents and excess H₂O from the filtrates byvacuum afforded 16 mg (15% yield) of crude C₄H₃O-PH(O)-C₄H₃S. Itwas >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCl₃): δ −6.66ppm. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, ¹H-coupled, CDCl₃): δ −6.66 (d, J_(P-H)=515.5 Hz)ppm.

Example 95 Synthesis of 2-MeSC₆H₄P(Cl)-2-MeSC₆H₄

[0387] A suspension of polymer-bound P[C₆H₄(SMe)₂]₂ (1.0 g, 0.83 mmol)and PCl₃(0.75 g, 5.47 mmol, from Example 89) in THF (10 mL) was stirredovernight at room temperature before the resin was filtered off andwashed with THF (2×10 mL). Removal of solvents and excess PCl₃ from thefiltrates by vacuum afforded 205 mg (79% yield) of crude2-MeSC₆H₄P(Cl)-2-MeSC₆H₄. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR(202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 57.3 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.40 (m, 2H),7.32 (m, 4H), 7.20 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 6H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ141.7, 140.5, 132.6, 131.1, 130.0, 127.5, 19.0. HRMS: Calcd. forC₁₄Hl₄PClS₂(M⁺): 311.9963. Found: 311.9970.

Example 96 Synthesis of 2-MeOC₆H₄P(Cl)-2-MeOC₆H₄

[0388] A suspension of polymer-bound P[C₆H₄(OMe)₂]₂ (2.0 g, 1.65 mmol,0.83 mm/g, from Example 90) and PCl₃(1.3 g, 7.30 mmol) in THF (10 mL)was stirred overnight at room temperature before the resin was filteredoff and washed with THF (2×10 mL). Removal of solvents and excess PCl₃from the filtrates by vacuum afforded 400 mg (86% yield) of crude2-MeOC₆H₄P(Cl)-2-MeOC₆H₄. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR(202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 70.8 ppm. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.30 (m, 4H),6.90 (m, 2H), 6.80 (m, 2H), 3.73 (s, 6H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ161.3, 132.5, 132.1, 126.3, 121.5, 110.9, 56.2. HRMS: Calcd. forC₁4Hl₄PClO₂(M⁺): 280.0420. Found: 280.0429.

Example 97 Synthesis of 8-Me₂NC₁₀H₆PH(O)-8-Me₂NC₁₀H₆

[0389] A suspension of polymer-bound P[8-Me₂NC₈H₆]₂ (1.0 g, 0.77 mmol,from Example 91) and H₂O (0.5 g, 27.8 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was refluxedovernight before the resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×10mL). Removal of solvents and excess H₂O from the filtrates by vacuumafforded 115 mg (38% yield) of crude 8-Me₂NC₁₀H₆PH(O)-8-Me₂NC₁₀H₆. ³¹PNMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 15.7 ppm. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled):δ 15.7 (d, J_(P-H)=605.8 Hz) ppm.

Cleavage of Diphosphine Ligands from Resin Example 98 Synthesis of1-(diethylphosphino)-2 (ethoxylethylphosphinite)ethane

[0390] A suspension of polymer-bound (Et)PCH₂CH₂P(Et)₂ (1.0 g, ˜0.899mmol/g, ˜0.90 mmol, prepared as in Example 5) and EtOH (0.41 g, 9.1mmol) in THF (10 mL) was refluxed overnight before the resin wasfiltered off and washed with THF (2×10 mL). Removal of solvents andexcess EtOH from the filtrates by vacuum afforded 162 mg (81% yield) of(EtO)(Et)PCH₂CH₂P(Et)₂. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR(202 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 135.8 (d, J=20.5 Hz), −18.2 (d, J=20.2 Hz). ¹H NMR(500 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 3.76 (m, 2H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 4H), 1.48 (m,2H), 1.36 (m, 4H), 1.22-1.07 (m, 12H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 67.2,30.2, 27.1, 21.8, 20.5, 18.8, 11.1, 9.5. HRMS: Calcd. forC₈Hl₉P₂O(M⁺−Et): 193.0911. Found: 193.0922.

Example 99 Synthesis of1-(diisobutylphosphino)-2-(ethoxylisobutylphosphinite) ethane

[0391] A similar procedure to that described above in Example 98 wasused to prepare the title compound using polymer-bound(Me₂CHCH₂)PCH₂CH₂P(CH2CHMe)₂ (1.17 g, ˜0.82 mmol/g, ˜0.96 mmol, preparedas in Example 5) and EtOH (0.27 g, 6.0 mmol). After the solvents wereremoved from filtrates by vacuum, 70 mg (24% yield) of(EtO)(Me₂CHCH₂)PCH₂CH₂P(CH₂CHMe)₂ was obtained. It was >95% pure by ¹HNMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 132.5 (d, J=20.4 Hz), −33.5(d, J=20.4 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 3.66 (m, 2H), 1.79 (m, 1H),1.63 (m, 4H), 1.43 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.13 (m, 8H), 1.03-0.92 (m, 19H). ¹³C(125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 65.6, 43.4, 38.6, 29.1, 26.3, 25.2, 24.6, 24.3,23.8, 22.1, 17.2. MS (rel. abundance): M⁺−Et (6), M⁺−EtO (10), 221.1(100). HRMS: Calcd. for C₁₄H₃₁P₂O (M⁺−Et): 277.1850. Found: 277.1846.

Example 100 Synthesis of1-(diphenylphosphino)-2-(ethoxylphenylphosphinite)ethane

[0392] A suspension of polymer-bound (Ph)PCH₂CH₂P(Ph)₂ (13.6 g, ˜0.74mmol/g, ˜10.1 mmol, prepared as in Example 5) and EtOH (5 g, 109 mmal)in THF (200 mL) was refluxed overnight before the resin was filtered offand washed with THF (2×10 mL). The filtrate was dried in vacuo to removethe solvent and excess EtOH, the residue was extracted with 3×20 mL ofhexane. The combined hexane extracts were dried under reduced pressureto give 2.17 g (59% yield) of (Ph)(EtO)PCH₂CH₂P(Ph)₂. It was >95% pureby ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 120.4, −11.6 ppm. ¹H NMR(500 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 7.59-7.13 (m, 15H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 2.3-2.0 (m, 2H),1.1 (t, J=7.0 Hz). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 145.4, 141.5, 131.8,131.5, 131.0, 130.9, 130.7, 130.5, 67.9, 34.1, 24.3, 19.5 HRMS: Calcd.for C₂₂H₂₄P₂O: 366.1302. Found: 366.1306.

Example 101 Synthesis of1-[di(4-fluorophenyl)phosphino]-2-[ethoxyl(4-fluoro phenyl)phosphinite)ethane

[0393] An analogous procedure to that for (Et)(EtO)PCH₂CH₂P(Et)₂ wasused for the synthesis of title compound using polymer-bound(4-FC₆H₅)PCH₂CH₂P(4-FC₆H₅)₂ (1.28 g, ˜0.75 mmol/g, ˜0.96 mmol, preparedas in Example 5) and EtOH (0.27 g, 6.0 mmol). After the solvents wereremoved from filtrates by vacuum, 110 mg (27% yield)of(EtO)(4-FC₆H₅)PCH₂CH₂P(4-FC₆H₅)₂ was obtained. It was >95% pure by ¹HNMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 119.2 (d, J=28.5 Hz), −14.0(d, J=28.5 Hz). ¹⁹F(377 MHz CDCl₃): δ 112.0, 112.6. ¹H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.19 (m, 4H), 7.00 (m, 2H), 6.92 (m, 4H), 3.66(m, 2H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.70 (m, 1H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.14 (t, J=6.99 Hz,3H). ¹³C (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 164.6, 164.3, 162.6, 162.2, 134.3, 133.5,131.3, 115.9, 65.7, 30.9, 21.6, 17.1. HRMS: Calcd. for C₂₂H₂₁P₂OF₃:420.1020. Found: 420.1028.

Example 102 Synthesis of1-[di(4-chlorophenyl)phosphino]-2-[methoxyl(4-chlorophenyl)phosphinite)ethane

[0394] An analogous procedure to that for (Et)(EtO)PCH₂CH₂P(Et)₂ wasused for the synthesis of title compound using polymer-bound(4-ClC₆H₅)PCH₂CH₂P(4-ClC₆H₅)₂ (1.2 g, ˜0.80 mmol/g, ˜0.96 mmol, preparedas in Example 5) and MeOH (0.27 g, 6.0 mmol). After the solvents wereremoved from filtrates by vacuum, 132 mg (30% yield) of(MeO)(4-ClC₆H₅)PCH₂CH₂P(4-ClC₆H₅)₂ was obtained. It was >95% pure by ¹HNMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 124.7(d, J=27.9 Hz), −13.4(d, J=27.9 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.28-7.12 (m, 12H), 3.45 (d,J_(P-H)=13.6 Hz, 3H), 1.93(m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 2H). ¹³C (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ139.6, 136.2, 135.2, 135.1, 133.9, 130.7, 128.8, 128.5, 56.8, 30.5,21.1. HRMS: Calcd. for C₂₁H₁₉P₂OCl₃: 453.9977.

[0395] Found: 453.9951.

Example 103 Synthesis of1-[di(2-mesityl)phosphino]-2-[methoxyl(2-mesityl) phosphinite]ethane

[0396] The procedure described above was employed except thatpolymer-bound (2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)PCH₂CH₂P(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)₂ (1.33 g, ˜0.72mmol/g, ˜0.96 mmol, prepared as in Example 5) and MeOH (0.21 g, 6.0mmol) were used to prepare the title compound. After the solvents wereremoved from filtrates by vacuum, 136 mg (30% yield) of(MeO)(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)PCH₂CH₂P(2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂)₂ was obtained. It was >95%pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 131.6 (d, J=33.2Hz), −17.7 (d, J=33.2 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.75(m, 6H), 3.47(d, JP-H=14.3 Hz, 3H), 2.48-2.19 (m, 31H). ¹³C (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ142.4, 142.1, 141.6, 139.1, 137.4, 132.7, 132.6, 129.8, 67.9, 57.1,28.0, 25.6, 23.1, 21.3, 20.7. HRMS: Calcd. for C₃₀H₄₀P₂O: 478.2554.Found: 478.2553.

Example 104 Synthesis of 1-[diphenethylphosphino]-2-(methoxylphenethylphosphinite)ethane

[0397] A similar procedure to those described above was used to preparethe title compound using polymer-bound (PhCH₂CH₂)PCH₂CH₂P(CH₂CH₂Ph)₂(1.29 g, ˜0.74 mmol/g, ˜0.96 mmol, prepared as in Example 5) and MeOH(0.21 g, 6.0 mmol). After the solvents were removed from filtrates byvacuum, 110 mg (26% yield) of (MeO) (PhCH₂CH₂)PCH₂CH₂P(CH₂CH₂Ph)₂ wasobtained. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 138.5 (d, J=21.7 Hz), −23.0 (d, J=21.9 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 7.21-7.08 (m, 15H), 3.44 (d, J_(P-H)=12.8 Hz, 3H), 2.77-2.64(m, 6H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 6H), 1.51 (m, 2H). ¹³C (125 MHz, CDCl₃):δ 142.8, 142.5, 128.8, 128.3, 126.7, 126.2, 126.0, 125.9, 57.1, 34.5,32.2, 30.5, 28.2, 27.8, 20.3. HRMS:

[0398] Calcd. for C₂₇H₃₅P₂O (M+H)+: 437.2163. Found: 437.2197.

Example 105 Synthesis of1-(diphenylphosphino)-2-(1-propylthio-1-phenylphosphinite)ethane

[0399] A suspension of polymer-bound (Ph)PCH₂CH₂P(Ph)₂ (1.0 g, 0.96mmol, prepared as in Example 5) and CH₃CH₂CH₂SH (0.366 g, 4.8 mmol) inTHF (10 mL) was refluxed overnight before the resin was filtered off andwashed with THF (2×5 mL). The filtrate was dried in vacuo to remove thesolvent and excess CH₃CH₂CH₂SH. The resulting residue was 117 mg (31%yield) of (Ph)(CH₃CH₂CH₂S)PCH₂CH₂P(Ph)₂. It was >95% pure by IH NMR andGC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 30.0 (d, J=30.0 Hz), −11.8 (d, J=29.9Hz). IH NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.45-7.20 (m, 15H), 2.52 (m, 2H), 2.13(m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.53 (m, 2H), 0.84 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR(125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 138.5, 138.0, 133.3, 132.8, 131.6, 128.8, 128.6,128.4, 35.1, 26.9, 25.1, 23.6, 13.2. HRMS: Calcd. for C₂₃H₂₆P₂S:396.1230. Found: 396.1217.

Example 106 Synthesis of1-(diisopropylphosphino)-2-(1-propylthio-1-isopropyl phosphinite)ethane

[0400] A suspension of polymer-bound (i-C₃H₇)PCH₂CH₂P(i-C₃H₇)₂ (1.0 g,0.92 mmol, prepared as in Example 5) and CH₃CH₂CH₂SH (0.46 g, 6.0 mmol)in THF (10 mL) was refluxed overnight before the resin was filtered offand washed with THF (2×5 mL). The filtrate was dried in vacuo to removethe solvent and excess CH₃CH₂CH₂SH. The resulting residue was 144 mg(53% yield) of (i-C₃H₇)(CH₃CH₂CH₂S)PCH₂CH₂P(i-C₃H₇)₂. It was >95% pureby ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 51.5 (d, J=27.4 Hz),9.9 (d, J=27.5 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 2.54-2.49 (m, 2H),1.75-1.57 (m, 9H), 1.03 (m, 18H), 0.92 (t, J=7.35 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (125MHz, CDCl₃): δ 35.7, 27.7, 25.1, 23.3, 19.8, 19.0, 18.9, 18.8, 13.1HRMS: Calcd. for C₁₁H₂₅P₂S (M⁺−C₃H₇): 251.1152. Found: 251.1153.

Example 107 Synthesis of1-(di-3′,4′,5′-trifluorophenylphosphino)-2-(1-propylthio-3′,4′,5′-trifluorophenylphosphinite)ethane

[0401] A suspension of polymer-bound (F₃H₂C₆)PCH₂CH₂P(C₆H₂F₃)₂ (1.0 g,0.74 mmol, prepared as in Example 5) and CH₃CH₂CH₂SH (0.46 g, 6.0 mmol)in THF (10 mL) was refluxed overnight before the resin was filtered offand washed with THF (2×5 mL). The filtrate was dried in vacuo to removethe solvent and excess CH₃CH₂CH₂SH. The resulting residue was 295 mg(71% yield) of (C₆H₂F₃)(CH₃CH₂CH₂S)PCH₂CH₂P(C₆H₂F₃)₂. It was >95% pureby ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 31.1 (d, J=31.7 Hz),−9.1 (d, J=31.5 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.12 (m, 2H), 6.87 (m,4H), 2.57 (m, 2H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.54 (m, 2H), 0.86 (t,J=7.28 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 152.3, 150.3, 140.9, 139.0,135.2, 133.2, 116.3, 115.0, 35.4, 26.7, 25.1, 23.5, 12.9. HRMS: Calcd.for C₂₃H₁₇P₂F₉S: 558.0382. Found: 558.0369.

Example 108 Synthesis of1-(diisopropylphosphino)-2-(1-diethylamino-1-isopropylphosphinite)ethane

[0402] A polymer-bound (i-C₃H₇)PCH₂CH₂P(i-C₃H₇)₂ (1.0 g, 0.92 mmol,prepared as in Example 5) resin was quickly washed with HCl solution(1.0 M in Et₂O, 10 mL) over a period of 1.0 min. and then removal of allthe solution by filtration. The resulting resin and Et₂NH (0.45 g, 6.2mmol) in THF (10 mL) was refluxed overnight before the resin wasfiltered off and washed with THF (2×5 mL). The filtrate was dried invacuo to remove the solvent and excess Et₂NH. The resulting residue was120 mg (45% yield) of (i-C₃H₇)(Et₂N)PCH₂CH₂P(I-C₃H₇)₂. It was >95% pureby ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 47.0 (d, J=40.3 Hz),10.4 (d, J=40.3 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 1.98-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.88(m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.70 (m, 4H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.19-1.12 (m, 9H),1.06-0.96 (m, 16H). 1³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): 6 26.5, 23.5, 23.1, 19.8,18.7, 15.3, 14.8, 13.1. HRMS: Caled. for C₁₁H₂₇P₂O₂ (MO₂ ⁺−Et₂N+H⁺):253.1486. Found: 253.1411.

Example 109 Synthesis of1-(di-o-tolylphosphino)-2-(o-tolyl-chlorophosphinite)ethane

[0403] A suspension of polymer-bound (o-MeH₄C₆)PCH₂CH₂P(o-MeC₆H₄)₂ (1.5g, 0.81 mm/g, 1.2 mmol, prepared as in Example 5) and PCI₃ (0.82 g, 6.0mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature beforethe resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×5 mL). The filtratewas dried in vacuo to remove the solvent and excess PCl₃. The resultingresidue was 365 mg (75% yield) of (o-MeH₄C₆)(Cl)PCH₂CH₂P(o-MeC₆H₄)₂. Itwas >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (121 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 89.5 (d,J=39.7 Hz), −33.0 (d, J=39.7 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.4-6.7 (m,12H), 2.17 (s, 6H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.97 (m, 4H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, C₆D₆):δ 141.3, 141.2, 134.9, 134.8, 130.0, 129.2, 129.1, 129.0, 127.6, 127.1,125.4, 125.2, 66.4, 30.2, 24.4, 19.8. HRMS: Calcd. for C₂₃H₂₆P₂O(MO⁺−Cl+H): 380.1459. Found: 380.1513.

Example 110 Synthesis of1-(di-3,5-difluorophenylphosphino)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl-chlorophosphinite)ethane

[0404] A suspension of polymer-bound (C₆H₃F₂)PCH₂CH₂P(C₆H₃F₂)₂ (6.0 g,0.77 mm/g, 4.6 mmol, prepared as in Example 5) and PCl₃ (5.0 g, 36.4mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature beforethe resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×5 mL) and hexane (2×10mL). The combined filtrates were dried in vacuo to remove the solventand excess PCl₃. The resulting residue was extracted with hexane (3×30mL). The concentration of the extracts afforded 1.58 g (74%) of thetitle compound (c₆H₃F₂)(Cl)PCH₂CH₂P(C₆H₃F₂)₂. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMRand GC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 90.8 (d, J=29.8 Hz), −9.2 (d,J=29.9 Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.03 (m, 3H), 6.76 (m, 6H), 2.02(m, 4H), 1.97. ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 164.1, 162.0, 141.9, 140.9,115.1, 113.4, 106.3, 105.1, 32.4, 22.0. HRMS: Calcd. for C₂₀H₁₃F₆P₂Cl:464.0085. Found: 464.0075.

Example 111 Synthesis of1-(di-2-thienylphosphino)-2-(2-thienylchlorophosphinite)ethane

[0405] A suspension of polymer-bound (2-C₄H₃S)PCH₂CH₂P(2-C₄H₃S)₂ (1.5 g,0.93 mm/g, 1.4 mmol, prepared as in Example 5) and PCl₃ (1.0 g, 7.3mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature beforethe resin was filtered off and washed with THF (2×5 mL) and hexane (2×10mL). The combined filtrates were dried in vacuo to remove the solventand excess PC13. The resulting residue was 300 mg (57%) of the titlecompound (2-C₄H₃S)(Cl)PCH₂CH₂P(2-C₄H₃S)₂. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR andGC/MS. ³¹P NMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 76.7 (d, J=38.3 Hz), −38.3 (d, J=38.3Hz). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.63 (d, J=4.97 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=4.89Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.02-6.98 (m, 4H),2.27-2.16 (m, 4H). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 139.5, 138.3, 137.0,136.8, 135.5, 133.8, 132.8, 127.8,33.9, 26.9. HRMS: Calcd. forCl₄Hl₄S₃P₂ (M⁺−Cl+H): 339.9733. Found: 339.9742.

Example 112 Synthesis of (C₆H₅O)(Cl)PCH₂CH₂P(OC₆H₅)₂

[0406] A solution of PhOH (3.0 g, 31.9 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was treatedwith n-BuLi (1.6 M solution in THF, 16 mmol) at room temperature over aperiod of 5 min. and stirred for 2 h before 1.0 g of polymer-bound(Cl)PCH₂CH₂P(Cl)₂ (1.0 g, 0.94 mm/g, 0.94 mmol, prepared as in Example5) was added. The resulting suspension was stirred at room temperaturefor 2 h before the excess PhOH and PhOLi were filtered off, and theresin was washed with THF (3×20 mL), hexane (3×20 mL). The resultingresin was dried in vacuo overnight. A suspension of the resin above(0.61 g, 0.82 mm/g, 0.50 mmol) and PCl₃ (0.62 g, 4.5 mmol) in THF (10mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature before the resin wasfiltered off and washed with THF (2×5 mL) and hexane (2×10 mL). Thecombined filtrates were dried in vacuo to remove the solvent and excessPCl₃. The resulting residue was 133 mg (56%) of the title compound(C₆H₅O)(Cl)PCH₂CH₂P(OC₆H₅)₂. It was >95% pure by IH NMR and GC/MS. ³¹PNMR (121 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 199.5 (d, J=16.8 Hz), 178.9 (d, J=16.8 Hz). ¹HNMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.25-6.93 (m, 15H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m, 2H).¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 155.4, 155.0, 129.9, 129.8, 124.7, 123.8,119.9, 119.4, 31.1, 27.7. HRMS: Calcd. for C₁₄H₁₄O₂P₂ Cl (M⁺−OPh):311.0158. Found: 311.0117.

Example 113 Synthesis of1-(di-3,5-difluorophenylphosphino)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl-phenylphosphinite)ethane

[0407] A solution of 700 mg (1.5 mmol) of (C₆H₃F₂)(Cl)PCH₂CH₂P(C₆H₃F₂)₂in 20 mL of THF was treated with PhMgCl (3 M solution in THF, 1.7 mmol,prepared as in Example 5) at room temperature over a period of 5 min.and stirred for 1 h before the reaction was quenched with MeOH (2 mL).The resulting mixture was dissolved in a mixture of H₂O (2 mL)/THF (10ml), and extracted with hexane (3×20 mL). After separation, the hexaneextracts were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the hexane and THF removedfrom the filtrate by vacuum, to afford 450 mg (59%) of(C₆H₃F₂)(Ph)PCH₂CH₂P(C₆H₃F₂)₂. It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹PNMR (202 MHz, C₆D₆): 6-8.4 (d, J=38.8 Hz), −10.3 (d, J=38.9 Hz). ¹H NMR(500 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 7.00-61.3 (m, 14H), 1.66-1.57 (m, 3H), 1.16 (m, 1H).¹³C NMR (125 MHz, C₆D₆): δ 164.6, 162.6, 136.5, 133.8, 129.4, 128.9,128.6, 128.4, 115.6, 114.9, 105.4, 104.7. 24.2, 23.9. HRMS: Calcd. forC₂₆H₁₈F₆P₂: 506.0788. Found: 506.0794.

Examples 114-116 Synthesis of Diphosphine Ligand Array Library

[0408] A solution of 700 mg (1.5 mmol) of (C₆H₃F₂)(Cl)PCH₂CH₂P(C₆H₃F₂)₂in mixture of 15 mL of THF and 5 mL of THF-d₈ was divided into 34 NMRtubes (0.6 mL/tube) in the dry-box. Each NMR tube above was treated withonly one R_(g)MgX (1-1.2 eq) at room temperature before the NMR tube wassealed. It was >95% pure by ³¹P NMR and GC/MS. This was repeated using1-(di-(2-thienyl phosphino))-2-chloro-2-thienylphosphinoethane and1-(di-(o-tolyl phosphino))-2-chloro-o-tolylphosphinoethane. The schemeand results where x=Cl are shown in Tables 6A-8A. TABLE 6A

MW MW Ex. R_(g) ³¹P NMR ppm Jp-p (calc.) (found) 114-A H −6.8 −61.9 26.5430 — 114-B phenyl −7.9 −9.8 38.7 506 507.6 114-C o-tolyl −7.6 −20.539.9 520 521.7 114-D m-tolyl −7.5 −9.6 38.8 520 521.7 114-E p-tolyl −7.7−10.6 38.3 520 521.7 114-F 4-(t-butyl)phenyl −7.6 −11.1 38.4 562 563.8114-G mesityl −7.8 −19.0 45.2 548 549.8 114-H 2,5-dimethylphenyl −7.7−17.7 44.9 534 535.7 114-I 3-methyl-4-fluorophenyl −7.7 −10.7 40.0 538539.7 114-J 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl −7.6 −7.9 39.9 560 561.7 114-K methyl−7.8 −26.3 29.9 444 445.5 114-L ethyl −7.9 −11.8 31.5 458 459.5 114-Mn-propyl −8.0 −16.8 31.5 472 473.7 114-N cyclopentyl −4.1 −7.8 30.8 498499.6 114-O n-heptyl −7.9 −16.1 31.4 500 501.6 114-P cyclohexyl −3.7−7.8 34.2 512 5137 114-Q phenylmethyl −7.5 −11.2 33.4 520 521.6 114-R2-butyl −2.6 −7.7 34.2 486 487.6 (−2.9) (−7.8) (34.6) 114-S t-butyl−11.2 −7.7 38.6 486 487.6 114-T n-pentadecyl −7.8 −16.1 31.3 640 642.1114-U 3,5-difluorophenyl −8.1 — — 542 543.8 114-V i-propyl −7.6 0.9 33.4472 473.6 114-W 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl −8.9 −11.3 40.4 558.5 559.7114-X phenethyl −7.6 −15.2 31.7 534 535.7 114-Y i-butyl −7.7 −19.9 31.6486 487.6 114-Z 2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl −7.7 −23.7 32.8 562 563.8 114-AAn-decyl −7.8 −16.0 31.2 570 571.9 114-BB 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl −7.5 −9.038.4 566 567.8 114-CC 2-methoxy-4-fluoro- −7.5 −16.3 39.6 554 555.7phenyl 114-DD 2-methoxy −7.7 −11.0 38.6 598 599.9 114-EE 4-phenoxyphenyl−7.3 −15.6 38.8 536 537.7 114-FF allyl −7.5 −17.2 33.4 470 471.5 114-GGthiophenyl −7.8 34.6 34.4 538 539.6 114-HH phenoxy −7.5 118.9 28.8 522523.6

[0409] TABLE 7A

MW MW Ex. R_(g) 31P NMR ppm Jp-p (calc.) (found) 115-A H −52.2 −34.518.5 364 365.4 115-B phenyl −22.4 −33 34.8 440 441.6 115-C o-tolyl −33.2— — 454 455.6 115-D m-tolyl −22.5 .32.9 34.8 454 455.6 115-E p-tolyl−23.4 −33.1 34.5 454 455.6 115-F 4-(t-butyl)phenyl −24.1 −32.8 34.4 496497.8 115-G mesityl −29.5 −32.6 44.2 482 483.7 115-H 2,5-dimethylphenyl−28.2 −32.7 36.4 468 469.7 115-I 3-methyl-4-fluorophenyl −23.7 −33.135.2 472 473.7 115-J 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl −20.2 −33.4 37.4 494 495.7115-K methyl −43.2 −33.6 26.4 378 379.5 115-L ethyl −29.4 −33.4 27.8 392393.5 115-M n-propyl −34.7 .33.4 28.1 406 407.6 115-N cyclopentyl −21.9−33.2 26.3 432 433.6 115-O n-heptyl −34.1 −33.4 27.8 434 435.7 115-Pcyclohexyl −23.2 −33.1 30.8 446 447.7 115-Q phenylmethyl −26.9 −33.330.3 454 487.7 (MO₂ ⁺) 115-R 2-butyl −22.2 −33.0 30.7 420 421.6 (−21.7)(−32.9) (30.5) 115-S t-butyl 9.9 −32.6 345 420 421.6 115-T n-pentadecyl−34.2 −33.4 40.6 574 576.1 115-U 3,5-phenyl −20.1 −33.2 37.0 476 477.6115-V i-propyl −18.1 −33.1 29.8 406 407.5 115-W 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl−22.7 −33.1 35.2 493 493.7 115-X phenethyl −33.4 −33.1 28.4 468 469.7115-Y i-butyl −38.7 −33.3 28.6 420 421.6 115-Z 2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl−43.4 −33.2 30.8 496 497.8 115-AA n-decyl −34.1 −33.4 27.8 504 505.81l5-BB 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl −22.2 −32.9 34.4 500 501.8 115-CC2-methoxy-4-fluoro- −31.5 −33.2 35.4 488 489.7 phenyl 115-DD4-phenoxyphenyl −23.9 −33.0 34.9 532 533.8 115-EE 2-methoxy −31.5 −33.134.1 470 471.7 115-FF allyl −34.1 −33.3 29.8 404 405.5 115-GG thiophenyl21.2 −33.4 35.5 472 473.6 115-HH phenoxy 114.6 −33.5 27.0 456 457.6

[0410] TABLE 8A

MW MW Ex R_(g) 31P NMR ppm Jp-p (calc.) (found) 116-A H −73.5 −39.4 27.5340 342   116-B phenyl −25.0 −38.3 37.4 416 417.4 116-C o-tolyl −36.0−38.5 39.0 430 431.4 116-D m-tolyl −25.1 −38.3 37.4 430 431.4 116-Ep-tolyl −25.8 −38.3 37.2 430 431.5 116-F 4-(t-butyl)phenyl −26.3 −38.337.4 472 473.5 116-G mesityl −26.1 −38.2 43.8 459 459.5 116-H2,5-dimethylphenyl −25.0 −38.2 43.8 444 445.5 116-I3-methyl-4-fluorophenyl −26.0 38.4 38.8 448 449.5 116-J3,4,5-trifluorophenyl −23.2 −38.6 39.2 470 471.5 116-K methyl −40.5−38.4 32.2 354 387.3 (MO₂ ⁺) 116-L ethyl −26.1 −38.4 32.4 368 401.5 (MO₂⁺) 116-M n-propyl −31.2 −38.4 32.6 382 415.4 116-N cyclopentyl −18.9−38.3 31.5 408 441.4 (MO₂ ⁺) 116-O n-heptyl −30.5 −38.4 32.4 410 411.4116-P cyclohexyl −18.8 −38.3 33.0 422 423.4 116-Q phenylmethyl −24.7−38.2 33.4 430 463.5 (MO₂ ⁺) 116-R 2-butyl −17.7 −38.3 33.2 396 429.4(−17.6) (−38.2) (33.2) (MO₂ ⁺) 116-S t-butyl −2.2 −38.1 37.2 396 429.4(MO₂ ⁺) 116-T n-pentadecyl −30.6 −38.5 32.5 550 551.8 116-U3,5-difluorophenyl −23.1 −38.5 38.8 452 453.4 116-V i-propyl −14.1 −38.332.8 382 383.3 116-W 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl −25.4 −38.5 38.9 469 469.4116-X phenethyl −30.1 −38.4 32.7 444 445.5 116-Y i-butyl −34.4 −38.432.7 396 397.4 116-Z 2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl −38.8 −38.5 33.7 472 505.7(MO₂ ⁺) 116-AA n-decyl −30.5 −38.4 32.4 480 481.6 116-BB3,4-dimethoxyphenyl −24.6 −38.2 37.4 476 477.5 116-CC2-methoxy-4-fluoro- −31.1 −38.3 38.0 464 465.5 phenyl 116-DD4-phenoxyphenyl −26.2 −38.3 37.6 508 509.6 116-EE 2-methoxy −31.1 −38.137.2 446 447.4 116-FF allyl −30.9 −38.4 33.5 380 413.3 (MO₂ ⁺) 116-GGthiophenyl 20.1 −38.6 37.3 448 482.4 (MO₂ ⁺) 116-HH phenoxy 110.3 −38.136.4 432 431.0

Synthesis of Polymer-Bound Diphosphine Monoxide Ligands Example 117Polymer-Bound (Me₂CH)P(O)CH₂CH₂P(CHMe₂)₂

[0411] A solution of 160 mg (0.68 mmol) of (Me₂CH)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(CHMe₂)₂from Example 26 and 1.0 mg (0.015 mmol) of NaOEt in 10 mL of THF wasstirred at room temperature over a period of 20 min beforeformypolystyrene (2% DVB, 0.90 g, 0.46 mmol/g, 0.41 mmol) was added tothe reaction mixture. The resulting suspension was stirred overnight.After the solution was filtered off, resin was washed with THF (3×20mL), hexane (3×20 mL). The resulting resin was dried in vacuo overnightto afford polymer-bound (Me₂CH)PH(O)CH₂CH₂P(CHMe₂)₂. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 53.3 (s), 10.5 (s) ppm. ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 31.5, 25.5,22.9 (d, J_(p-c)=55.6 Hz), 20.0, 18.9, 15.7, 14.1.

Example 118 Polymer-Bound (Ph)PCH₂CH₂PPh(O)(C₆H₂Me₃)

[0412] A solution of 150 mg (0.614 mmol) of PhPH(O)(2,4,6-C₆H₂Me₃) fromExample 61 and 1.0 mg (0.01 mmol) of NaOtBu in 10 mL of THF was stirredat room temperature over a period of 10 min before polymer-boundPhPCH═CH₂ (2% DVB, 0.5 g, 0.938 mmol/g, 0.469 mmol, from Example 52-S)was added to the reaction solution. The resulting suspension wasrefluxed overnight. After the solution was filtered off, resin waswashed with THF (3×20 mL), Me₂CHOH (2×5 mL), hexane (3×20 mL). Theresulting resin was dried in vacuo overnight to afford polymer-bound(Ph)PCH₂CH₂PPh(O)(C₆H₂Me₃). ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, CDCI₃): δ 62.4 (s), 37.8(s) ppm.

Example 119 Synthesis of PhPH(O)CH₂CH₂PPh(O)(C₆H₂Me₃)

[0413] A suspension of polymer-bound (Ph)PCH₂CH₂PPh(O)(C₆H₂Me₃) above(0.5 g, ˜0.469 mmol) and H₂O (0.5 g, 27.8 mmol) in 10 mL of THF wasrefluxed overnight. After the resin was filtered off and washed with THF(10 mL), the filtrates were dried in vacuo to remove the solvents andexcess H₂O. The resulting residue was 50 mg (28% yield) ofPhPH(O)CH₂CH₂PPh(O)(C₆H₂Me₃). It was >95% pure by ¹H NMR and GC/MS. ³¹PNMR (202 MHz, CDCl₃, ¹H-decoupled): δ 39.2 (d, J=52.5 Hz), 28.2 (d,J=52.3 Hz); 39.0 (d, J=50.9 Hz), 28.0 (d, J=50.7 Hz). ³¹P NMR (121 MHz,CDCl₃, ¹H-coupled): δ 39.3 (d, J_(P-P)=48.5 Hz), 28.1 (d, J_(P-H)=474.7Hz); 39.0 (d, J_(P-P)=48.8 Hz), 28.0 (d, J_(P-H)=474.7 Hz). ¹H NMR (500MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.51 (d, J_(P-H)=472.9 Hz), 7.48 (d, J_(P-H)=473.6 Hz),7.65-7.30 (m, 10H), 6.82 (d, J=3.31 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J=3.29 Hz, 1H),2.55 (m, 4H), 2.33 (s), 2.28 (s), 2.22(s), 2.20 (s). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz,CDCl₃): δ 143.3, 142.2, 135.5, 132.9, 131.7, 131.5, 130.1, 130.0, 129.2,129.0, 124.0, 123.0, 23.6, 21.1.

Synthesis of C1 and C2-Diphosphorus-related Ligands Example 120Synthesis of polymer-bound 1-(2,3,4,5-tetraethylphospholyl)-2-chlorophosphinoethane

[0414] Chloromethylpolystyrene-divinylbenzene (50 g, 44.5 mmol, 2% DVB)was added to a solution of t-butylamine (69.6 g, 950 mmol) in THF (700mL), and the reaction mixture was refluxed overnight before the resinwas filtered, washed with H₂O (500 mL), THF (500 mL), hexane (500 mL),H₂O (500 mL), and Et₂O (500 mL). The resulting resin was dried in vacuo,and then added to THF (700 mL). The mixture was cooled to 0° C. andtreated dropwise with n-butyllithium (64 mmol, 1.6 M solution inpentane) over a period of 2 h before warmed to room temperature andstirred overnight. After filtration, the resin was washed with hexane(400 mL), THF (400 mL), Et₂O (400 mL). The resin was slowly added to asolution of C1₂PCH₂CH₂PCl₂ (37.0 g, 159.6 mmol) in THF (800 mL) at roomtemperature, and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight beforefiltration and washing with THF (2×400 mL), hexane (2×400 mL), CH₂Cl₂(2×400 mL), hexane (2×400 mL). The resin was added to CH₂Cl₂ (500 mL),and then at room temperature treated with a mixture of CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL)and Cp₂ZrC₄Et₄ (17.2 g, 45 mmol) generated from the reaction ofCp₂ZrCI₂, n-butyllithium , and EtC≡CEt. After the mixture was stirredfor 4 h, the solvents were filtered off and the resulting resin waswashed with CH2Cl2 (3×500 mL), THF (3×500 mL), and hexane (3×500 mL),dried in vacuo to give 50 g (96% yield with respect to the startingMerrifield resin, which was determined using N, P, and Cl elementalanalysis) of the title polymer-bound compound. ³¹P NMR (122 MHz, C₆D₆):d 154.2, 1.3.

We claim:
 1. A process to prepare a supported phosphine compoundselected from the group consisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

wherein: SS is a solid support; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphaticor aromatic carbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing oneor more heteroatoms or

organometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together can optionally forma ring, the process comprising the steps of: a) contacting (i) aphosphine selected from the group consisting of XPR₁R₂, XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂,HP(═O)R₁R₂, HP(═O) R₃—A—PR₁R₂, and HP(═O)R₃—A—P(═O)R₁R₂ wherein X is ahalogen, with (ii) the solid support, resulting in at least one P in thephosphine attached indirectly or directly to the solid support via oneor more covalent bonds, and b) optionally replacing one or moresubstituent of the group R₁, R₂, or R₃ with any other R₁, R₂, or R₃. 2.The process of claim 1 wherein SS is selected from the group consistingof polyolefins, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, and copolymersthereof.
 3. The process of claim 1 wherein the supported phosphinecompound is selected from the group consisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A,4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A.

wherein: Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone P in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.
 4. The process of claim 3 wherein the supportedphosphine compound is of Formula 1A, and the process comprises the stepsof: a) contacting (i) at least 2 molar equivalents of a phosphine of theFormula XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with (ii) no more than onemolar equivalent of Z, resulting in one P in the phosphine beingcovalently bonded to the Z, and b) optionally replacing one or moresubstituent of the group R₁, R₂, and R₃ with any one or more of R₁, R₂,and R₃.
 5. The process of claim 4 wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—;A is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedcarbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and an optionally-substituted carbonring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl,n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.
 6. Theprocess of claim 3 wherein the supported phosphine compound is ofFormula 2A, and the process comprises the steps of: a) contacting (i) aphosphine of the Formula PR₁R₂X wherein X is a halogen, with (ii) thesolid support, resulting in one P in the phosphine being covalentlybonded to Z, and b) optionally replacing one or both substituent of thegroup R₁ and R₂ with any other R₁ or R₂.
 7. The process of claim 6wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro,cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁ andR₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aromatic or alkyl ring.
 8. Theprocess of claim 3 wherein the supported phosphine compound is ofFormula 3A, and the process comprises the steps of: a) contacting (i) nomore than one molar equivalent of a phosphine of the FormulaXR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with (ii) at least two molarequivalents of Z, resulting in both of the P in the phosphine beingcovalently bonded to the Z; and b) optionally replacing one or more ofR₁ and R₂ with any one or more of R₁ and R₂.
 9. The process of claim 8wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the groupconsisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atomsand an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z isselected from the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbonchain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from thegroup consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl,phenyl, and t-butyl; R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.
 10. The process of claim 3 wherein the supportedphosphine compound is of Formula 4A, and the process comprises the stepsof: a) contacting (i) a phosphine of the Formula HP(═O) R₃—A—PR₁R₂ with(ii) the solid support, resulting in one P in the phosphine beingcovalently bonded to Z; and b) optionally replacing one or more of R₁,R₂, and R₃ with any one or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃.
 11. The process ofclaim 10 wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from thegroup consisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbonatoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting ofchloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl;and R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁,Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle,and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkylring.
 12. The process of claim 3 wherein the supported phosphinecompound is of Formula 5A, and the process comprises the steps of: a)contacting (i) a phosphine of the Formula HP(=O)R₁R₂ with (ii) a solidsupport of the formula

wherein the P in the solid support is covalently bonded to Z and Z′ isselected from the group consisting of alkenyls, resulting in the P inthe phosphine being covalently bonded to the P in the solid support viaZ′; and b) optionally replacing one or more substituent of the group R₁,R₂, and R₃ with any one or more substituent of the group R₁, R₂, and R₃.13. The process of claim 12 wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z isselected from the group consisting of optionally-substituted carbonchain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from thegroup consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbonatoms and an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₄is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl,i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁, R₂, and R₃ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle; and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.
 14. A processto prepare a combinatorial library of supported phosphine compoundsselected from the group consisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

wherein: SS is a solid support; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphaticor aromatic carbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing oneor more heteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl,Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ andR₂ together can optionally form a ring, the process comprising the stepsof: a) contacting (i) one or more phosphines selected from the groupconsisting of XPR₁R₂, XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂, HP(═O)R₁R₂, HP(═O)R₃—A—PR₁R₂, andHP(═O)R₃—A—P(═O)R₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with (ii) one or more solidsupports, resulting in at least one P in each phosphine attachedindirectly or directly to the solid support via one or more covalentbonds, and b) optionally replacing one or more substituent of the groupR₁, R₂, or R₃ with any other substituent of the group R₁, R₂, or R₃. 15.The process of claim 14 wherein SS is selected from the group consistingof polyolefins, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, and copolymersthereof.
 16. The process of claim 14 wherein the supported phosphinecompounds are selected from the group consisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A,4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

wherein: Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone P in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.
 17. The process of claim 16 wherein the supportedphosphine compounds are of Formula 1A, and the process comprises thesteps of: a) contacting at least 2 molar equivalents of one or morephosphines of the Formula XR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with nomore than one molar equivalent of one or more of Z, resulting in one Pin each phosphine being covalently bonded to the Z; and b) optionallyreplacing one or more substituent of the group R₁, R₂, and R₃ with anyone or more of the substituent of the group of R₁, R₂, and R₃.
 18. Theprocess of claim 17 wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-3 carbon atoms and an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12carbon atoms; Z is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl,n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.
 19. Theprocess of claim 16 wherein the supported phosphine compounds are ofFormula 2A, and the process comprises the steps of: a) contacting one ormore phosphines of the Formula PR₁R₂X wherein X is a halogen, with oneor more solid supports, resulting in one P in each phosphine beingcovalently bonded to Z; and b) optionally replacing one or both of R₁and R₂ with any other R₁ or R₂.
 20. The process of claim 9 wherein SS ispolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl,n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁ and R₂ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aromatic, or alkyl ring.
 21. Theprocess of claim 16 wherein the supported phosphine compounds are ofFormula 3A, and the process comprises the steps of: a) contacting nomore than one molar equivalent of one or more phosphines of the FormulaXR₃P—A—PR₁R₂ wherein X is a halogen, with at least two molar equivalentsof one or more of Z, resulting in both of the P in each phosphine beingcovalently bonded to the Z; and b) optionally replacing one or moresubstituent of the group R₁ and R₂ with any one or more of thesubstituent of the group R₁ and R₂.
 22. The process of claim 10 whereinSS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the group consistingof an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl or alkyl ring.
 23. The process of claim 16 wherein the supportedphosphine compounds are of Formula 4A, and the process comprises thesteps of: a) contacting one or more phosphines of the Formula HP(═O)R₃—A—PR₁R₂ with one or more solid supports, resulting in one P in eachphosphine being covalently bonded to Z; and b) optionally replacing oneor more substituent of the group R₁, R₂, and R₃ with any one or more ofthe substituent of the group R₁, R₂, and R₃.
 24. The process of claim 23wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro,cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁,R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle,and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkylring.
 25. The process of claim 16 wherein the supported phosphinecompounds are of Formula 5A, and the process comprises the steps of: a)contacting one or more phosphines of the Formula HP(═O)R₁R₂ with one ormore solid supports of the formula

wherein the P in the solid support is covalently bonded to Z and Z′ isselected from the group consisting of alkenyls, resulting in thephosphorus in each phosphine being covalently bonded to the phosphorusin the solid support via Z′, and b) optionally replacing one or more ofR₁, R₂, and R₃ with any one or more of R₁, R₂, and R₃.
 26. The processof claim 25 wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected fromthe group consisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from the group consistingof an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₄ is selectedfrom the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl,n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl,aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle; and where R₁ and R₂ together with theP form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.
 27. A process to prepare aphosphine compound selected from the group consisting of Formulae 8, 9,10, 11, and 12

wherein: A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbonatoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatomsor organometallic groups; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄,and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and anyof R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅,R₆,R₇, and R₈ form a ring; the process comprising the steps of: a)contacting (i) a supported phosphine selected from the group consistingof Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

wherein: SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in the phosphineis attached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometal groups; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄,and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together canoptionally form a ring with (ii) a compound of the Formula ER₉, whereinE is an electrophilic group and Rg is selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle,organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃,Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; thereby forming the correspondingcompound of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; and b) optionallyreplacing one or more substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ withany other substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈.
 28. The processof claim 27 wherein the supported phosphine is selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

wherein: Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone P in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms; A is an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈form a ring.
 29. The process of claim 27 wherein E is selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, PCl₂, and SiMe₃, and wherein R₅ is ahalogen.
 30. The process of claim 27 wherein the supported phosphinecompound is selected from the group consisting of Formulae 1 and 3, andthe phosphine compound is of Formula
 8. 31. The process of claim 30wherein at least one substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ differsfrom the other substituents of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈.
 32. Theprocess of claim 30 wherein: Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, andR₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl,Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally togetherwith any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.
 33. The process ofclaim 27 wherein the supported phosphine compound is of Formula 2, andthe phosphine compound is of Formula
 9. 34. The process of claim 33wherein: Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, and R₇are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆, and R₇ canoptionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring. 35.The process of claim 27 wherein the supported phosphine compound is ofFormula 4, and the phosphine compound is of Formula
 10. 36. The processof claim 35 wherein: Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, and R₇are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅,R₆, and R₇ can optionally together with any other substituent of thegroup R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring.
 37. The process of claim 27 whereinthe supported phosphine compound is selected from the group consistingof Formulae 3 and 5, and the phosphine compound is of Formula
 11. 38.The process of claim 37 wherein: Z is selected from the group consistingof optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—,and —O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₆, R₇, and R₈are independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, andQ₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₆, R₇, and R₈ canoptionally together with any other substituent of the group R₆, R₇, andR₈ form a ring.
 39. The process of claim 27 wherein the supportedphosphine compound is of Formula 2, and the phosphine compound is ofFormula
 12. 40. The process of claim 39 wherein: Z is selected from thegroup consisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbonatoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅ and R₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, andQ₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any of R₅ and R₆ can optionally together with anyother of R₅ and R₆ form a ring.
 41. A process to prepare a combinatoriallibrary of phosphine compounds selected from the group consisting ofFormulae 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12

wherein: A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbonatoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatomsor organometallic groups; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄,and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and anyof R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈ form a ring; the process comprising the steps of: a)contacting (i) one or more supported phosphines selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

wherein: SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphineis attached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, andNQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together can optionally forma ring with (ii) one or more compounds of the Formula ER₉, wherein E isan electrophilic group and Rg is selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle,organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, ° Q₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃,Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; thereby forming the correspondingcompounds of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; and b) optionallyreplacing one or more substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ withany other substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈.
 42. The processof claim 41 wherein the supported phosphine is selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

wherein: Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms; A is an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈form a ring.
 43. The process of claim 41 wherein E is selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, PCl₂, and SiMe₃, and wherein R₅ is ahalogen.
 44. The process of claim 41 wherein the supported phosphinecompounds are selected from the group consisting of Formulae 1 and 3,and the phosphine compound is of Formula
 8. 45. The process of claim 44wherein: Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, andR₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅,R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other substituent of thegroup R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.
 46. The process of claim 41wherein the supported phosphine compounds are of Formula 2, and thephosphine compounds are of Formula
 9. 47. The process of claim 46wherein: Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, and R₇,are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅,R₆, and R₇ can optionally together with any other substituent of thegroup R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring.
 48. The process of claim 41 whereinthe supported phosphine compounds are of Formula 4, and the phosphinecompounds are of Formula
 10. 49. The process of claim 48 wherein: Z isselected from the group consisting of optionally-substituted carbonchain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from thegroup consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbonatoms and an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms;R₅, R₆, and R₇ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituentof the group R₅, R₆, and R₇ can optionally together with any othersubstituent of the group R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring.
 50. The process ofclaim 41 wherein the supported phosphine compounds are selected from thegroup consisting of Formulae 3 and 5, and the phosphine compounds are ofFormula
 11. 51. The process of claim 50 wherein: Z is selected from thegroup consisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbonatoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₆, R₇, and R₈are independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, andQ₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₆, R₇, and R₈ canoptionally together with any other substituent of the group R₆, R₇, andR₈ form a ring.
 52. The process of claim 41 wherein the supportedphosphine compounds are of Formula 2, and the phosphine compounds are ofFormula
 12. 53. The process of claim 52 wherein: Z is selected from thegroup consisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbonatoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₅ and R₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, andQ₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅ and R₆ canoptionally together with any other substituent of the group R₅ and R₆form a ring.
 54. A supported phosphine compound selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

wherein: SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphineis attached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄,and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together canoptionally form a ring.
 55. The supported phosphine compound of claim 54wherein SS is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins,polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, and copolymers thereof.
 56. Thesupported phosphine compound of claim 54 selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

wherein: Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.
 57. The supported phosphine compound of claim 56that is Formula 1A.
 58. The supported phosphine compound of claim 57wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the groupconsisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atomsand an optionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z isselected from the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbonchain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from thegroup consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl,phenyl, and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, andPQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.
 59. The supported phosphine compound of claim 56that is Formula 2A.
 60. The supported phosphine compound of claim 59wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro,cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁ andR₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aromatic, or alkyl ring.
 61. Thesupported phosphine compound of claim 56 that is Formula 3A.
 62. Thesupported phosphine compound of claim 56 wherein SS is polystyrene; L is—CH₂—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.
 63. The supported phosphine compound of claim 56that is Formula 4A.
 64. The supported phosphine compound of claim 63wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro,cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁,R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle,and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkylring.
 65. The supported phosphine compound of claim 56 that is Formula5A.
 66. The supported phosphine compound of claim 65 wherein SS ispolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₄ is selectedfrom the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl,n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl,aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle; and where R₁ and R₂ together with theP form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.
 67. A combinatorial library ofsupported phosphine compounds selected from the group consisting ofFormulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

wherein: SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphineis attached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄,and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together canoptionally form a ring.
 68. The combinatorial library of claim 67wherein SS is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins,polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, and copolymers thereof.
 69. Thecombinatorial library of claim 67 wherein the supported phosphinecompounds are selected from the group consisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A,4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

wherein: Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in each phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.
 70. The combinatorial library of claim 69 that isFormula 1A.
 71. The combinatorial library of claim 70 wherein SS ispolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring.
 72. The combinatorial library of claim 69 that isFormula 2A.
 73. The combinatorial library of claim 72 wherein SS ispolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl,n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁ and R₂ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aromatic, or alkyl ring.
 74. Thecombinatorial library of claim 69 that is Formula 3A.
 75. Thecombinatorial library of claim 74 wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—;A is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedcarbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and an optionally-substituted carbonring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl,n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; R₁ and R₂ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃₀, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.
 76. Thecombinatorial library of claim 69 that is Formula 4A.
 77. Thecombinatorial library of claim 76 wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—;Z is selected from the group consisting of optionally-substituted carbonchain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from thegroup consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl,phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂,and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with theP form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.
 78. The combinatorial libraryof claim 69 that is Formula 5A.
 79. The combinatorial library of claim78 wherein SS is polystyrene; L is —CH₂—; Z is selected from the groupconsisting of optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms,—(NR₄)—, and —O—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; R₄ is selectedfrom the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl,n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; and R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl,aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle; and where R₁ and R₂ together with theP form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring.
 80. A combinatorial library ofphosphine compounds selected from the group consisting of Formulae 8, 9,10, 11, and 12

wherein: A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbonatoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatomsor organometallic groups; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selectedfrom the group hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; any of R₅, R₆, R₇,and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ forma ring.
 81. The combinatorial library of claim 80 wherein: A is anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, andR₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl,Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally togetherwith any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring.
 82. The combinatoriallibrary of claim 80 wherein the phosphine compounds are of Formula 8.83. The combinatorial library of claim 82 wherein at least onesubstituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ differs from the othersubstituents of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈.
 84. The combinatoriallibrary of claim 82 wherein: A is an optionally-substituted carbon chainof 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle,SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and anysubstituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together withany other substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring. 85.The combinatorial library of claim 80 wherein the phosphine compoundsare of Formula
 9. 86. The combinatorial library of claim 85 wherein: Ais an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆,and R₇ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁,Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅,R₆, and R₇ can optionally together with any other substituent of thegroup R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring.
 87. The combinatorial library of claim80 wherein the phosphine compounds are of Formula
 10. 88. Thecombinatorial library of claim 87 wherein: A is anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, and R₇are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅,R₆, and R₇ can optionally together with any other substituent of thegroup R₅, R₆, and R₇ form a ring.
 89. The combinatorial library of claim80 wherein the phosphine compounds are of Formula
 11. 90. Thecombinatorial library of claim 89 wherein: A is anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₆, R₇, and R₈are independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, andQ₄ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy,and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₆, R₇, and R₈ canoptionally together with any other substituent of the group R₆, R₇, andR₈ form a ring.
 91. The combinatorial library of claim 80 wherein thephosphine compounds are of Formula
 12. 92. The combinatorial library ofclaim 91 wherein: A is an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3carbon atoms; R₅ and R₆ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂,and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituentof the group R₅ and R₆ can optionally together with any othersubstituent of the group R₅ and R₆ form a ring.
 93. A coordinationcompound comprising one or more transition metals complexed to a ligandselected from the group consisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

wherein: SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphineis attached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometal groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄,and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂and R₃ together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together canoptionally form a ring.
 94. The coordination compound of claim 93wherein SS is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins,polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, and copolymers thereof, and whereinthe transition metals are selected from Periodic Group VIII.
 95. Thecoordination compound of claim 93 that is selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

wherein: Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.
 96. The coordination compound of claim 95 that isFormula 1A.
 97. The coordination compound of claim 96 wherein SS ispolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl or alkyl ring; and the transition metal is Rh.
 98. The coordinationcompound of claim 97 that is prepared from polymer-bound1-(1,1-di-n-propylphosphino)-2-n-propylphosphinoethane and(1,5-cyclooctadiene)-rhodium (I) chloride dimer.
 99. A combinatoriallibrary of coordination compounds comprising one or more transitionmetals complexed to one or more ligands selected from the groupconsisting of Formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

wherein: SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphineis attached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, andNQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together can optionally forma ring.
 100. The combinatorial library of claim 99 wherein SS isselected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyacrylates,polymethacrylates, and copolymers thereof, and wherein the transitionmetals are selected from Periodic Group VIII.
 101. The combinatoriallibrary of claim 99 that is selected from the group consisting ofFormulae 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A

wherein: Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.
 102. The combinatorial library of claim 101 that isFormula 1A.
 103. The combinatorial library of claim 102 wherein SS ispolystyrene; L is —CH₂—; A is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and anoptionally-substituted carbon ring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selectedfrom the group consisting of an optionally-substituted carbon chain of1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and —O—; R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of chloro, cyclohexyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl,and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ are selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, andheterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂ together with the P form a phosphole,aryl, or alkyl ring; and the transition metal is Rh.
 104. Acombinatorial library of coordination compounds comprising one or moretransition metals complexed to one or more ligands selected from thegroup consisting of Formulae 8, 9, 10, 1, and 12

wherein: A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromatic carbonatoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or more heteroatomsor organometallic groups; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄,and NQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and anyof R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈ form a ring.
 105. The combinatorial library of claim 104wherein: A is an optionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbonatoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,heterocycle, organometallic, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, and NQ₅Q₆,where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any of R₅, R₆,R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other of R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈form a ring; and the transition metals are selected from Periodic GroupVIII.
 106. The combinatorial library of claim 104 wherein the ligandsare of Formula
 8. 107. The combinatorial library of claim 106 wherein atleast one substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ differs from theother substituent of the group R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈.
 108. Thecombinatorial library of claim 106 wherein: A is anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms; R₅, R₆, R₇, andR₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl,alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heterocycle, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂,Q₃, and Q₄ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle; and any substituent of the group R₅,R₆, R₇, and R₈ can optionally together with any other substituent of thegroup R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ form a ring; and the transition metal is Pd.109. A process to prepare coumarin comprising contacting salicylaldehydewith an acrylate of the formula

wherein R₁₀ is an alkyl group of 1-6 carbons.
 110. The process of claim109 wherein the process is performed in the presence of a catalyticamount of a coordination compound comprising one or more transitionmetals complexed to a ligand selected from the group consisting ofFormulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

wherein: SS is a solid support wherein at least one P in each phosphineis attached indirectly or directly to the solid support via one or morecovalent bonds; A is a divalent group of 1-12 aliphatic or aromaticcarbon atoms, linear or branched, optionally containing one or moreheteroatoms or organometallic groups; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, heterocycle, organometal, Cl, Br, I, SQ₁, OQ₂, PQ₃Q₄, andNQ₅Q₆, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ are independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl,hydrocarbylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, and heterocycle, and R₂ and R₃together, R₁ and R₃ together, or R₁ and R₂ together can optionally forma ring.
 111. The process of claim 110 wherein SS is selected from thegroup consisting of polyolefins, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, andcopolymers thereof, and wherein the transition metal is selected fromPeriodic Group VIII.
 112. The process of claim 111 wherein the ligand isFormula 1A:

wherein: Z is a divalent attaching group covalently attached to at leastone phosphorus in the phosphine, selected from the group consisting ofhydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, —O—, —S—, and —(NR₄)—, whereR₄ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedhydrocarbyl and halogen; and L is a divalent linking group covalentlyattached to Z and to SS, selected from the group consisting ofoptionally-substituted chains of from 1 to 12 linear, branched, andcyclic carbon atoms.
 113. The process of claim 112 wherein: L is —CH₂—;A is selected from the group consisting of an optionally-substitutedcarbon chain of 1-3 carbon atoms and an optionally-substituted carbonring of 6-12 carbon atoms; Z is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally-substituted carbon chain of 1-10 carbon atoms, —(NR₄)—, and—O—; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of chloro, cyclohexyl,n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, phenyl, and t-butyl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, alkyl,alkenyl, aryl, SQ₁, OQ₂, and PQ₃Q₄, where Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, and Q₄ areselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substitutedhydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylamino, and heterocycle, and where R₁ and R₂together with the P form a phosphole, aryl, or alkyl ring; and thetransition metal is Rh.